Hypoxia-induced impairments in fasting glucose are associated with acute mountain sickness severity during four days of residence at 4,300 m.

Unlabelled: Insulin resistance has been associated with acute mountain sickness (AMS) risk, but the influence of active ascent is unclear.

Methods: Thirty-two unacclimatized Soldiers (23±4yr; 80±14 kg) were tested at baseline residence (BLR), hiked ~5 km (n=16) or were driven (n=16) to 4,300 m, and stayed for 4 days (~66 h). Venous blood was taken each morning at BLR and during high altitude (HA) exposure days 2-4 (HA2-4) and the evening on day 1 at HA (HA1).

Bearing Witness: Témoignage as a Tool for Child Advocacy during Armed Conflict.

Children affected by armed conflict suffer devastating physical, emotional, and social harm. War uproots families, forcing many to flee as refugees or internally displaced persons, while others remain trapped in dangerous environments. In these crises, children face disproportionate risks-violence, exploitation, disrupted education, and collapsed healthcare systems.

Distinct cerebellar networks underpin clinical improvement in adolescent Tourette disorder.

Adolescence is frequently called the second brain maturation period. In Tourette disorder (TD), the clinical trajectory of tics and associated psychiatric co-morbidities vary significantly across individuals during the transition from adolescents to adulthood. In this study, we aimed to identify patterns of resting-state functional connectivity that differentiate adolescents with TD from their neurotypical peers, and to monitor symptom-specific functional changes over time.

Drug-coated balloon strategy following intravascular lithotripsy to treat coronary de novo lesion: mid-term clinical outcomes of a preliminary experience.

Objectives: The management of patients with calcified de novo lesions remains a major clinical challenge even in the era of drug-eluting stents (DES). Drug-coated balloon (DCB) therapy has emerged as an alternative to DES to treat de novo lesions. Nevertheless, the management of calcified lesions using intravascular lithotripsy (IVL) combined with DCB to treat de novo lesions has not been investigated.

Subcutaneous vedolizumab dose intensification in inflammatory bowel disease patients: the OPTI-VEDO multicenter study from the GETAID.

Background And Aims: While this strategy is frequently used for other biologics, real-world evidence on subcutaneous (SC) vedolizumab (VDZ) dose intensification in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is lacking. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of SC VDZ intensification.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study in 25 centers including all patients with active ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn's disease (CD) (defined by PRO2), and incomplete or loss of response to SC VDZ 108mg EOW when the drug was intensified.

Science of music-based citizen science: How seeing influences hearing.

Citizen science engages volunteers to contribute data to scientific projects, often through visual annotation tasks. Hearing based activities are rare and less well understood. Having high quality annotations of performed music structures is essential for reliable algorithmic analysis of recorded music with applications ranging from music information retrieval to music therapy.

The RecBC complex protects single-stranded DNA gaps during lesion bypass.

Following encounter with an unrepaired DNA lesion, replication is halted and can restart downstream of the lesion leading to the formation of a single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) gap. To complete replication, this ssDNA gap is filled in by one of the two lesion tolerance pathways: the error-prone Translesion Synthesis (TLS) or the error-free Homology Directed Gap Repair (HDGR). In the present work, we evidence a role for the RecBC complex distinct from its canonical function in homologous recombination at DNA double strand breaks.

Regulatory networks of KRAB zinc finger genes and transposable elements changed during human brain evolution and disease.

Evidence indicates that transposable elements (TEs) can contribute to the evolution of new traits, with some TEs acting as deleterious elements while others are repurposed for beneficial roles in evolution. In mammals, some KRAB-ZNF proteins can serve as a key defense mechanism to repress TEs, offering genomic protection. Notably, the family of KRAB-ZNF genes evolves rapidly and exhibits diverse expression patterns in primate brains, where some TEs, including autonomous LINE-1 and non-autonomous Alu and SVA elements, remain mobile.

Biparametric vs Multiparametric MRI for Prostate Cancer Diagnosis: The PRIME Diagnostic Clinical Trial.

Importance: Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), with or without prostate biopsy, has become the standard of care for diagnosing clinically significant prostate cancer. Resource capacity limits widespread adoption. Biparametric MRI, which omits the gadolinium contrast sequence, is a shorter and cheaper alternative offering time-saving capacity gains for health systems globally.

Concomitant Comedications and Survival With First-Line Pembrolizumab in Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.

Importance: Antibiotics, steroids, and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are suspected to decrease the efficacy of immunotherapy.

Objective: To explore the association of comedications with overall survival (OS) in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Design, Setting, And Participants: This nationwide retrospective cohort study used target trial emulations of patients newly diagnosed with NSCLC from January 2015 to December 2022, identified from the French national health care database.

The causal journey: from maps to mechanisms and digital twins.

Over three decades, statistical parametric mapping has transformed neuroimaging from descriptive mapping to causal inference, placing generative models at the core of causal explanations for brain function. It inspired to a large degree The Virtual Brain, which builds subject-specific digital twins from multimodal data, enabling brain simulations and exploration. Both frameworks converge at parameter estimation, where model and data meet, providing the mathematical manifestation of cause-effect in pathophysiology.

Eco Friendly and Budget Smart: An Economic and Environmental Evaluation of Alternative PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitor Dosing Regimens.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are clinically beneficial but associated with high costs that represent a growing challenge for healthcare budgets and may affect affordability, especially in resource-limited settings. Moreover, the healthcare sector is a significant source of greenhouse gas emissions, and medication-related waste-such as that from vial-based therapies-has been identified as a contributing factor. Alternative dosing strategies could reduce the environmental and financial impact of ICI therapy while maintaining clinical safety and efficacy.

From neglected to notoriety: a review of Mpox clinical features, virology, epidemiology, treatment and prevention strategies.

Purpose: This narrative review aims to provide an overview of current knowledge on mpox, emphasizing updated epidemiology and recent advances in treatment and prevention strategies, in light of the latest outbreaks.

Methods: We searched PubMed and Google Scholar for publications on 'Mpox' and 'Monkeypox' up to June 5, 2025. Grey literature from governmental and health agencies was also accessed for outbreak reports and guidelines where published evidence was unavailable.

Is there a chance for curative treatment for metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma? A systematic review with meta-analysis.

Introduction: Pancreatic adenocarcinomas (PDAC) have a poor prognosis, with a 5-year relative Survival rate of 11.5%. Only 20% of patients are initially eligible for resection, and 50% of patients presented with metastatic disease, currently only candidates' palliative treatment.

Global challenges in diabetes research and care: which way forward? An appraisal from the EASD Global Council.

This review article, developed by the EASD Global Council, addresses the growing global challenges in diabetes research and care, highlighting the rising prevalence of diabetes, the increasing complexity of its management and the need for a coordinated international response. With regard to research, disparities in funding and infrastructure between high-income countries and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are discussed. The under-representation of LMIC populations in clinical trials, challenges in conducting large-scale research projects, and the ethical and legal complexities of artificial intelligence integration are also considered as specific issues.

Why and How to Use Process Philosophy in Everyday Ecology and Biology?

Recent studies in biology and ecology show striking convergences with process philosophy (PP). Biologists today are debating the real nature of evolution and of life itself, which is increasingly considered as a set of interrelated processes rather than a set of tangible species and material lineages. This perspective of focusing on changes can also be found with ecologists and environmental ethicists, whose studies feed into as well as draw on PP principles.

Reverberation cues underlying virtual auditory distance perception for a frontal source.

This study investigated the potential role of temporal, spectral, and binaural room-induced cues for the perception of virtual auditory distance. Listeners judged the perceived distance of a frontal source simulated between 0.5 and 10 m in a room via headphones, with eyes closed in a soundproof booth.

Ectomycorrhizal symbiosis with Tuber spp. Enhances host performances in Pinus and Carya and induces host-specific patterns in defense-related regulation in the leaf transcriptomes.

Ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) colonize roots to establish symbiotic associations with plants. Sporocarps of the EMF Tuber spp. are considered as a delicacy in numerous countries and is a kind of EMF of great economic and social importance.

Neuropathic-like pain affects pain perception in patients with deep endometriosis: an observational study.

Purpose: Endometriosis is a chronic, hormone-dependent disease affecting up to 10% of women of reproductive age, often associated with chronic pelvic pain (CPP). Neuropathic pain has been increasingly recognized as a significant component in a subset of patients with CPP related to endometriosis. The study objective was to assess the prevalence of neuropathic-like pain in women with deep endometriosis (DE) and CPP, and to analyze its influence on pain perception and quality of life.

Organizational setups and non-elective surgical delays - a single-center cohort study: institutional setups and surgical delays.

Background: Extended delays in non-elective surgeries have been associated with suboptimal outcomes. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic forced healthcare systems to adapt their setups for unscheduled procedures, leading, in our institution, to a reorganization from a setup with two dedicated operating rooms (ORs) at a central facility without dedicated teams to a temporary one with both dedicated teams and ORs during lockdown phase. This study evaluates the impact of this transitions on the time to surgery considering unscheduled procedures.

Management of neuropathic pain: a survey of the Italian Association for the Study of Pain.

Background: Neuropathic pain significantly impacts the quality of life. This study explores neuropathic pain management practices among members of the Italian Association for the Study of Pain (AISD).

Methods: During the 46 National Congress, 240 physicians affiliated with AISD were surveyed.

Fulminant myocarditis: outcome predictors in an international cohort study.

Background And Aims: Fulminant myocarditis (FM) is a complex clinical syndrome characterized by acute myocardial inflammation and cardiogenic shock. Evidence on long-term outcomes, mortality risk factors, and targeted treatment options remains limited.

Methods: This retrospective analysis included consecutive adult patients admitted for FM between January 2012 and November 2022 at 26 European tertiary centres.

Transition of patients with hereditary nephropathies from pediatric to adult care.

Adolescents and young adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD), particularly those with genetic kidney diseases, face unique challenges as they transition from pediatric to adult nephrology care. This period is marked not only by changes in healthcare providers but also by significant developmental, psychosocial, and medical complexities. In response, the ERA Working Group on Genes and Kidney and the ESPN Working Group on Inherited Kidney Diseases have collaborated to develop practical advice for healthcare professionals involved in transition care across Europe and beyond.