Olfactory preferences of the allium leafminer, an emerging pest in North America: comparison of three experimental bioassays.

Evaluating the olfactory preferences of emerging insect pests is critical to develop monitoring tools and improve early detection and management strategies. Here the chemical ecology and olfactory preferences of the allium leafminer Phytomyza gymnostoma Loew (Diptera: Agromyzidae), an invasive pest in North America affecting allium crops such as leeks and onions, were investigated. Three bioassay methods were assessed under laboratory conditions: wind tunnel, Y-tube olfactometer, and arena bioassay.

Engineering of a Complex of the DNase Domain of Colicin E9 with the Immunity Protein Im9 Activated by the Protease pS273R of African Swine Fever Virus.

African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a large DNA virus that causes a highly lethal disease in pigs and currently has no effective vaccines or antiviral treatments available. We designed a protein switch that combines the DNase domain of colicin E9 (DNase E9) and its inhibitor Im9 with the viral protease cleavage site. The complex is only destroyed in the presence of an ASFV pS273R protease, which releases DNase activity.

Unusual Core-Ionization Pathways in Hydrated Na: A Theoretical KV Study.

The one-photon KV X-ray photoelectron spectra of Na and its hydrated clusters [Na(HO)] ( = 1-6) are dominated by the unusual 1s → 1s3s transition. KV spectroscopy also reveals a pronounced redistribution of the 1s → 1s3p transition cross sections, directly correlated with hydration number and molecular arrangement. Its intrinsic two-step nature, involving simultaneous core ionization and core excitation, enables detailed investigation of solvation-induced electronic structure changes, including dipole-forbidden excitations, core-valence charge transfer, and subtle 1s → V energy shifts.

Small Extracellular Vesicles as Biomarkers in Sarcoma Follow-Up: Protocol for a Prospective, Multicentric Pilot Study.

Background: Sarcomas are rare cancer with a heterogeneous group of tumors. They affect both genders across all age groups and present significant heterogeneity, with more than 70 histological subtypes. Despite tailored treatments, the high metastatic potential of sarcomas remains a major factor in poor patient survival, as metastasis is often the leading cause of death.

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in germline DDX41 mutated patients with myeloid malignancies.

Germline DDX41 mutations (DDX41mut) are identified in approximately 5% of myeloid malignancies with excess of blasts, representing a distinct MDS/AML entity. The disease is associated with better outcomes compared to DDX41 wild-type (DDX41WT), but patients who do not undergo allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) may experience late relapse. Due to the recent identification of DDX41mut, data on post-HSCT outcomes remain limited.

Type 4 Macular Neovascularization (NV): A New Member of the Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) Classification of NV Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD).

Purpose: To describe the clinical and multimodal imaging features of a novel form of macular neovascularization (MNV), designated Type 4 MNV, defined by mixed Type 1 and Type 2 neovascularization (NV), extensive intraretinal anastomotic NV, and central posterior hyaloid fibrosis (CPHF).

Methods: This multicenter retrospective observational case series included patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) exhibiting both Type 1 and 2 MNV and an overlying anastomotic intraretinal NV network. This was confirmed with OCT and OCT angiography (OCTA).

Effect of intraoperative autotransfusion use during liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma on recurrence-free survival: comparative study with propensity score matching.

Background: Intraoperative autotransfusion remains underutilized in high-risk haemorrhagic oncological procedures, particularly in liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma. This is because of the theoretical risk of tumour cell reinfusion and dissemination, potentially leading to reduced recurrence-free survival. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of intraoperative autotransfusion on recurrence-free survival during liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma.

High-resolution electrophysiological mapping of effective connectivity of lateral prefrontal cortex.

The lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) serves as a critical hub for higher-order cognitive and executive functions in the human brain, coordinating brain networks whose disruption has been implicated in many neurological and psychiatric disorders. While transcranial brain stimulation treatments often target the LPFC, our current understanding of connectivity profiles guiding these interventions based on electrophysiology remains limited. Here, we present a high-resolution probabilistic map of bidirectional effective connectivity between the LPFC and widespread cortical and subcortical regions.

Clusters of deep intronic RbFox motifs embedded in large assembly of splicing regulators sequences regulate alternative splicing.

The RbFox RNA binding proteins regulate alternative splicing of genes governing mammalian development and organ function. They bind to the RNA sequence (U)GCAUG with high affinity but also non-canonical secondary motifs in a concentration dependent manner. However, the hierarchical requirement of RbFox motifs, which are widespread in the genome, is still unclear.

Diversity and spread of cytoplasmic incompatibility genes among maternally inherited symbionts.

Cytoplasmic Incompatibility (CI) causes embryonic lethality in arthropods, resulting in a significant reduction in reproductive success. In most cases, this reproductive failure is driven by Wolbachia endosymbionts through their cifA/cifB gene pair, whose products disrupts arthropod DNA replication during embryogenesis. While a cif pair has been considered a hallmark of Wolbachia, its presence and functional significance in other bacterial lineages remains poorly investigated.

Protocol for a core outcome set for pharmacological treatments in hospitalised patients with acute viral respiratory infections (COSAVRI).

Background: Acute viral respiratory infections (AVRIs) rank among the most common causes of hospitalisation worldwide, imposing significant healthcare burdens and driving the development of pharmacological treatments. However, inconsistent outcome reporting across clinical trials limits evidence synthesis and its translation into clinical practice. A core outcome set (COS) for pharmacological treatments in hospitalised adults with AVRIs is essential to standardise trial outcomes and improve research comparability.

RETROSPECTIVE DESCRIPTION OF 27 CASES OF NONTYPHOIDAL SALMONELLA MENINGITIS IN PEDIATRICS OVER 22 YEARS IN FRANCE PLEADS FOR A REVISION OF AGE LIMIT FOR THE TREATMENT OF SALMONELLA GASTROENTERITIS IN CHILDREN.

We report 27 nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) meningitis in children. Infants under 3 months and those 3-4 months of age were nearly equal in number (11 vs. 10).

Strategic Targets in Acne, Update 2025: The Microcomedone Is Not Just a Plug, It Is an Egg.

Background: Maintaining homeostasis in the upper pilosebaceous unit in acne-prone skin has emerged as the primary goal for effective and long-term acne management.

Summary: In this review, we describe advances in acne research that have helped redefine the strategic targets for new topical acne treatments, providing the basis for new therapeutic strategies that may allow this goal to be achieved.

Key Messages: First, we describe the results of studies analyzing apparently uninvolved skin from individuals with acne, using sequential skin surface biopsies.

Early-Start vs. Late-Start Icodextrin for Children Receiving Chronic Peritoneal Dialysis: Findings from the International Pediatric Peritoneal Dialysis Network.

Background: Experience with icodextrin use in children on long-term peritoneal dialysis is limited. We describe international icodextrin prescription practices and their impact on clinical outcomes: ultrafiltration, blood pressure control, residual kidney function (RKF), technique and patient survival.

Methods: We included patients under 21 years enrolled in the International Pediatric Peritoneal Dialysis Network (IPPN) between 2007 and 2024, on automated PD with a daytime dwell.

Recessive TMEM167A variants cause neonatal diabetes, microcephaly and epilepsy syndrome.

Understanding the genetic causes of diseases affecting pancreatic β cells and neurons can give insights into pathways essential for both cell types. Microcephaly, epilepsy and diabetes syndrome (MEDS) is a congenital disorder with two known aetiological genes, IER3IP1 and YIPF5. Both genes encode proteins involved in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to Golgi trafficking.

Neural correlates of Bayesian social belief updating in the medial prefrontal cortex.

Social learning, a hallmark of human behavior, entails integrating other's actions or ideas with one's own. While it can accelerate the learning process by circumventing slow and costly individual trial-and-error learning, its effectiveness depends on knowing when and whose information to use. In this study, we explored how individuals use social information based on their own and others' levels of uncertainty.

Giant mobility of surface-trapped ionic charges following liquid tribocharging.

The sliding motion of aqueous droplets on hydrophobic surfaces leads to charge separation at the trailing edge, with implications from triple-line friction to hydrovoltaic energy generation. Charges deposited on the solid surface have been attributed to ions or electrons ripped off from the liquid drop. However, the dynamics and exact physicochemical nature of these surface-trapped charges remains poorly explored.

Excitatory glycine receptors control ventral hippocampus synaptic plasticity and anxiety-related behaviors.

Excitatory glycine receptors (eGlyRs), composed of the glycine-binding NMDA receptor subunits GluN1 and GluN3A, have recently emerged as a novel neuronal signaling modality that challenges the traditional view of glycine as an inhibitory neurotransmitter. Unlike conventional GluN1/GluN2 NMDARs, the distribution and role of eGlyRs remain poorly understood. Here, we show that eGlyRs are highly enriched in the ventral hippocampus (VH) and confer distinct properties on this brain region.

From molecular damage and viscoelasticity to interfacial fracture in soft polymer networks: Insights from mechanochemistry.

Many soft, tough materials have emerged in recent years, paving the way for advances in wearable electronics, soft robotics, and flexible displays. However, understanding the interfacial fracture behavior of these materials remains a significant challenge, owing to the difficulty of quantifying the respective contributions from viscoelasticity and damage to energy dissipation ahead of cracks. This work aims to address this challenge by labeling a series of polymer networks with fluorogenic mechanophores, subjecting them to T-peel tests at various rates and temperatures, and quantifying their force-induced damage using a confocal microscope.

Synovial MS4A4A correlates with inflammation and counteracts response to corticosteroids in arthritis.

MS4A4A belongs to the MS4A tetraspan protein superfamily and is selectively expressed by the monocyte-macrophage lineage. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the role of MS4A4A+ macrophages in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis and response to treatment. RNA sequencing and immunohistochemistry of synovial samples from either early treatment-naïve or active chronic RA patients showed that MS4A4A expression positively correlated with synovial inflammation.

Morphometric study of bioprinted hydrogel deformation during histological preparation.

Histological preparation paraffin embedding is the gold standard method for evaluating tissue structure and composition, whether it is originated from biopsy or engineered . Quite often, deformation and shrinkage occur during the histological preparation, which are difficult to predict and qualify. The present study investigates the morphometric changes in bioprinted hydrogels composed of alginate and gelatine, common tissue engineering materials, focusing on three morphologies: full slabs, porous slabs, and porous cubes.

Essentials of the System of Radiological Protection.

The System of Radiological Protection (the "System") developed by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) is built on nearly a century of efforts of numerous scientists and practitioners working together internationally. It rests on three enduring pillars: science, ethics, and experience. These pillars support the three fundamental principles that shape radiological protection strategies: justification, optimisation, and application of dose limits.

Impact of weight classes on feasibility, safety, and efficacy of awake craniotomy for brain lesions within eloquent areas.

Awake craniotomy is the gold standard to achieve maximal safe resection of brain lesions located within eloquent areas. There are no established guidelines to assess patient's eligibility for awake craniotomy by weight class. This study assesses feasibility, safety, and efficacy of awake surgery by weight classes through an observational, retrospective, single-institution cohort analysis (2010-2024) of 526 awake craniotomies.