Real-world gait and turning in individuals scheduled for total knee arthroplasty.

Background: Improving mobility - specifically walking - is an important treatment goal of total knee arthroplasty. Objective indicators for mobility, however, are lacking in clinical evaluations. This study aimed to compare real-world gait and turning between individuals scheduled for total knee arthroplasty and healthy controls, using continuous monitoring with inertial measurement units.

Impact of Microbiota and Metabolites on Intestinal Integrity and Inflammation in Severe Obesity.

Obesity is a multifactorial disease associated with low-grade inflammation. The gut is thought to be involved in obesity-related inflammation, as it is continuously exposed to antigens from food, microbiota and metabolites. However, the exact underlying mechanisms are still unknown.

Experiences and preliminary effects of the Comprehensive chrOnic caRe outpatiEnt (CORE) clinic for patients with multimorbidity in the hospital setting.

Rationale: Healthcare systems remain disease oriented despite growing sustainability concerns caused by inadequate management of patients with multimorbidity. Comprehensive care programmes (CCPs) can play an important role in streamlining care delivery, but large differences in setup and results hinder firm conclusions on their effectiveness. Many elements for successful implementation of CCPs are identified, but strategies to overcome barriers and embed programmes within health systems remain unknown.

The relationship between parameters and effects in transcranial ultrasonic stimulation.

Transcranial ultrasonic stimulation (TUS) is rapidly gaining traction for non-invasive human neuromodulation, with a pressing need to establish protocols that maximise neuromodulatory efficacy. In this review, we aggregate and examine empirical evidence for the relationship between tunable TUS parameters and in vitro and in vivo outcomes. Based on this multiscale approach, TUS researchers can make better informed decisions about optimal parameter settings.

Biophysical effects and neuromodulatory dose of transcranial ultrasonic stimulation.

Transcranial ultrasonic stimulation (TUS) has the potential to usher in a new era for human neuroscience by allowing spatially precise and high-resolution non-invasive targeting of both deep and superficial brain regions. Currently, fundamental research on the mechanisms of interaction between ultrasound and neural tissues is progressing in parallel with application-focused research. However, a major hurdle in the wider use of TUS is the selection of optimal parameters to enable safe and effective neuromodulation in humans.

Multiscale modeling uncovers 7q11.23 copy number variation-dependent changes in ribosomal biogenesis and neuronal maturation and excitability.

Copy number variation (CNV) at 7q11.23 causes Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS) and 7q microduplication syndrome (7Dup), neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) featuring intellectual disability accompanied by symmetrically opposite neurocognitive features. Although significant progress has been made in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying 7q11.

Additive effects of depression and obesity on neural correlates of inhibitory control.

Background: Depression and obesity are associated with impaired inhibitory control. Behavioral evidence indicates an exacerbating additive effect when both conditions co-occur. However, the underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear.

Tracking Components of Bilingual Language Control in Speech Production: An fMRI Study Using Functional Localizers.

When bilingual speakers switch back to speaking in their native language (L1) after having used their second language (L2), they often experience difficulty in retrieving words in their L1. This phenomenon is referred to as the . We used the L2 after-effect as a lens to explore the neural bases of bilingual language control mechanisms.

Impaired GABAergic regulation and developmental immaturity in interneurons derived from the medial ganglionic eminence in the tuberous sclerosis complex.

GABAergic interneurons play a critical role in maintaining neural circuit balance, excitation-inhibition regulation, and cognitive function modulation. In tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), GABAergic neuron dysfunction contributes to disrupted network activity and associated neurological symptoms, assumingly in a cell type-specific manner. This GABAergic centric study focuses on identifying specific interneuron subpopulations within TSC, emphasizing the unique characteristics of medial ganglionic eminence (MGE)- and caudal ganglionic eminence (CGE)-derived interneurons.

Alzheimer's disease heterogeneity revealed by neuroanatomical normative modeling.

Introduction: Overlooking the heterogeneity in Alzheimer's disease (AD) may lead to diagnostic delays and failures. Neuroanatomical normative modeling captures individual brain variation and may inform our understanding of individual differences in AD-related atrophy.

Methods: We applied neuroanatomical normative modeling to magnetic resonance imaging from a real-world clinical cohort with confirmed AD ( = 86).

Individuals with knee osteoarthritis show few limitations in balance recovery responses after moderate gait perturbations.

Background: Knee osteoarthritis causes structural joint damage. The resultant symptoms can impair the ability to recover from unexpected gait perturbations. This study compared balance recovery responses to moderate gait perturbations between individuals with knee osteoarthritis and healthy individuals.

Immune regulation and blood-brain barrier permeability in cerebral small vessel disease: study protocol of the INflammation and Small Vessel Disease (INSVD) study - a multicentre prospective cohort study.

Introduction: The INflammation and Small Vessel Disease (INSVD) study aims to investigate whether peripheral inflammation, immune (dys)regulation and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability relate to disease progression in cerebral small vessel disease (SVD). This research aims to pinpoint specific components of the immune response in SVD relating to disease progression. This could identify biomarkers of SVD progression, as well as potential therapeutic targets to inform the development and repurposing of drugs to reduce or prevent SVD, cognitive decline and vascular dementia.

Individual differences in GHB consumption in a new voluntary GHB self-administration model in outbred rats.

Background And Purpose: The use of the recreational drug gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) has increased over the past decade, concomitantly leading to a higher incidence of GHB use disorder. Evidence-based treatment interventions are hardly available and cognitive effects of long-term GHB use remain elusive. In order to study the development of GUD and the causal effects of chronic GHB consumption, a GHB self-administration model is required.

Changes in Intrinsic Connectivity Networks Topology Across Levels of Dexmedetomidine-Induced Alteration of Consciousness.

Background: Human consciousness is generally thought to emerge from the activity of intrinsic connectivity networks (resting-state networks [RSNs]) of the brain, which have topological characteristics including, among others, graph strength and efficiency. So far, most functional brain imaging studies in anesthetized subjects have compared wakefulness and unresponsiveness, a state considered as corresponding to unconsciousness. Sedation and general anesthesia not only produce unconsciousness but also phenomenological states of preserved mental content and perception of the environment (connected consciousness), and preserved mental content but no perception of the environment (disconnected consciousness).

A role of frontal association cortex in long-term object recognition memory of objects with complex features in rats.

Perirhinal cortex is a brain area that has been considered crucial for the object recognition memory (ORM). However, with the use of an ORM enhancer named RGS14 as gain-in-function tool, we show here that frontal association cortex and not the Perirhinal cortex is essential for the ORM of objects with complex features that consisted of detailed drawing on the object surface (complex ORM). An expression of RGS14, in rat brain frontal association cortex, induced the formation of long-term complex ORM, whereas the expression of the same memory enhancer in Perirhinal cortex failed to produce this effect.

Domain-general and language-specific contributions to speech production in a second language: an fMRI study using functional localizers.

For bilinguals, speaking in a second language (L2) compared to the native language (L1) is usually more difficult. In this study we asked whether the difficulty in L2 production reflects increased demands imposed on domain-general or core language mechanisms. We compared the brain response to speech production in L1 and L2 within two functionally-defined networks in the brain: the Multiple Demand (MD) network and the language network.

Cognitive trajectory in the first year after first-ever ischaemic stroke in young adults: the ODYSSEY study.

Background: Limited data exists on cognitive recovery in young stroke patients. We aimed to investigate the longitudinal course of cognitive performance during the first year after stroke at young age and identify predictors for cognitive recovery.

Methods: We conducted a multicentre prospective cohort study between 2013 and 2021, enrolling patients aged 18-49 years with first-ever ischaemic stroke.

Association between Antiplatelet Therapy and Changes in Intraplaque Hemorrhage in Patients with Mild to Moderate Symptomatic Carotid Stenosis: A Longitudinal MRI Study.

Introduction: Carotid atherosclerotic intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH) predicts stroke. Patients with a history of stroke are treated with antiplatelet agents to prevent secondary cardiovascular events. A positive association between previous antiplatelet use and IPH was reported in a cross-sectional analysis.

Neurometabolite changes in response to antidepressant medication: A systematic review of H-MRS findings.

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), and (es)ketamine are used to treat major depressive disorder (MDD). These different types of medication may involve common neural pathways related to glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmitter systems, both of which have been implicated in MDD pathology. We conducted a systematic review of pharmacological proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (H-MRS) studies in healthy volunteers and individuals with MDD to explore the potential impact of these medications on glutamatergic and GABAergic systems.

The Complexity of Nutritional Problems in Persons with Dementia: Expanding a Theoretical Model.

Background: Persons with dementia are at risk of developing nutritional problems. Theoretical models on nutritional problems have been developed, but have not been evaluated with healthcare professionals.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the comprehensiveness and applicability of a theoretical model of nutritional problems in persons with dementia for daily nursing home practice.