Total tumor volume predicts overall survival and response to induction chemotherapy in patients with colorectal cancer liver metastases: An ancillary study of the phase 3 CAIRO5 trial.

Introduction: This study aimed to assess whether total tumor volume (TTV) outperforms RECIST1.1 for treatment response assessment in patients with colorectal liver metastases (CRLM), and to investigate TTV as a predictive biomarker for the optimal systemic treatment regimen for individual patients with initially unresectable CRLM.

Methods: Patients with initially unresectable liver-only CRLM from the phase 3 CAIRO5 trial (NCT02162563) were included.

Library of Identification Resources: a FAIR overview of taxonomic keys.

Biodiversity is declining globally, and ecological research is key to monitor and counteract this decline. Such research requires the taxonomic identification of organisms by both professional and citizen scientists. A complete overview of resources for taxonomic identification is therefore crucial but missing, also posing problems for analysis into gaps in the taxonomic coverage of available identification resources.

Regulation of PPAR-γ coactivator-1α and its implication in mitochondrial function and neurodegenerative diseases.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ coactivator (PGC)-1α, interacts with numerous transcription factors implicated in a wide spectrum of biological responses. It has been identified as a key player in the transcriptional regulation of many mitochondrial components. The activity of PGC1-α is regulated at multiple levels, such as gene expression, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational modification.

Responses in child health to concerted reconstruction efforts in the aftermath of the 2016 earthquake in Ecuador.

The paper explores the short-term impact of recovery in the aftermath of a natural disaster on a set of child health outcomes. We analyze the impacts of a major earthquake with a magnitude of 7.8 that occurred on the coast of Ecuador on April 16, 2016.

Ingroup preferences, segregation, and intergroup contact in neighborhoods and civic organizations.

Segregation perpetuates social inequalities and undermines social cohesion. It can already emerge if individuals act upon weak preferences to associate with similar others. Yet, little remains known about how such ingroup preferences compare across social settings and different identity dimensions.

The human microglia responsome: a resource for microglia states in health and disease.

Microglia, the immune cells of the brain, are increasingly implicated in neurodegenerative disorders through genetic studies. However, how genetic risk factors for these diseases are related to microglial gene expression, microglial function, and ultimately disease, is still largely unknown. Microglia change rapidly in response to alterations in their cellular environment, which is regulated through changes in transcriptional programs, which are yet poorly understood.

Deliberate synchronization of speech and gesture: Effects of neurodiversity and development.

The production of speech and gesture is exquisitely temporally coordinated. In autistic individuals, speech-gesture synchrony during spontaneous discourse is disrupted. To evaluate whether this asynchrony reflects motor coordination versus language production processes, the current study examined performed hand movements during speech in youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared to neurotypical youth.

The role of tonic immobility during re-experiencing trauma in PTSD treatment.

Tonic immobility (TI) is a profound paralysis that may occur during extreme stress. Previous studies have found that TI during trauma was associated with poorer recovery from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Importantly, TI can re-occur during re-experiencing the trauma (TI).

Insights Into the FOXE3 Transcriptional Network and Disease Mechanisms From the Investigation of a Regulatory Variant Driving Complex Microphthalmia.

Purpose: FOXE3 encodes a highly conserved, lens-enriched transcription factor essential for eye development. Biallelic mutations in FOXE3 are associated with a spectrum of ocular anomalies, ranging from congenital cataracts to complex microphthalmia (CM), with severity and penetrance correlating with genotype. This study aimed to investigate the regulatory landscape of FOXE3 and its contribution to CM.

Addressing moral injury in practice: suggestions for organisational, political and societal interventions.

Moral injury has garnered increasing attention in recent decades, extending from the military to professions like healthcare and policing. Defined as psychological, social and spiritual suffering resulting from moral transgressions, moral injury is now recognised as a multidimensional phenomenon. A growing body of empirical and theoretical research is establishing a foundational understanding of its psychological, moral and contextual dimensions.

A global and interoperable dataset of linguistic distributions derived from the Atlas of the World's Languages.

Asher and Moseley's Atlas of the World's Languages illustrates the past and present spatial distribution of human languages across more than 100 maps. While the Atlas is an impressive resource, its data are not readily accessible for research. Language areas are presented as printed maps and referenced by name, rather than as digital spatial objects linked to a standardised language catalogue.

Combined Trapped Ion Mobility and Infrared Ion Spectroscopy Study of Protonation Sites in Aromatic Amines.

The protonation site of aromatic amines in the gas phase has been under substantial debate, as it involves a subtle competition between the higher electronegativity of the amine nitrogen and the better charge delocalization ability of the fused aromatic rings. Previous studies have unambiguously shown, especially by ion mobility measurements, that higher-energy tautomers are easily observed depending on the experimental conditions in the ion source, including voltage settings and the type of solvent used in spray sources. Here, we use a combination of ion mobility and ion spectroscopy and focus on the tautomeric structure ion mobility separation, in particular for protonated 1-aminonaphthalene and 1-aminoanthracene.

AI as an independent second reader in detection of clinically relevant breast cancers within a population-based screening programme in the Netherlands: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Breast cancer screening programmes have shown to reduce mortality, but current methods face challenges such as limited mammographic sensitivity, limited resources, and variability in radiologist expertise. Artificial intelligence (AI) offers potential to improve screening accuracy and efficiency. This study simulated different screening scenarios, evaluating the performance of population-based breast cancer screening when using an AI system as a stand-alone reader or second reader.

Evidence for a compensatory relationship between left- and right-lateralized brain networks.

The two hemispheres of the human brain are functionally asymmetric. At the network level, the language network exhibits left-hemisphere lateralization. While this asymmetry is widely replicated, the extent to which other functional networks demonstrate lateralization remains a subject of investigation.

Complex functions of human lateral frontopolar cortex.

Recent anatomical studies have shown that, compared to other primates, the human frontal pole (FP) contains a unique lateral subdivision (FPl). This area provides an important target for understanding the uniqueness of human intelligence. Paradoxically, patients with FP lesions often perform normally on standard neuropsychological tests, while experiencing problems in real-life or simulated situations.

Symptom retention after successful intensive trauma-focused treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder.

Evidence suggests that individuals undergoing successful treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) continue to experience PTSD symptoms. To determine the extent to which people continue to suffer from PTSD symptoms after intensive trauma-focused treatment and at six-month follow-up, despite no longer meeting diagnostic criteria for PTSD. In total, 1015 individuals with PTSD participated in an eight-day intensive trauma-focused treatment programme combining psychoeducation, physical activity, prolonged exposure, and EMDR therapy.

Metabolic imprinting drives epithelial memory during mucosal fungal infection.

Epithelial cells at barrier sites are emerging as active participants in innate immune memory, yet the underlying metabolic and epigenetic mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we uncover a previously unrecognized form of trained immunity in oral epithelial cells that enhances protection against fungal infection. Using a mouse model, we show that mucosal exposure to confers sustained protective memory that is independent of adaptive immunity and myeloid cells.

Estimating metabolite networks subject to dietary preferences and lifestyle.

Introduction: The metabolome is an intermediate between DNA variation and clinical phenotypes. Metabolomics have been widely used in biomedical studies for reflecting physiological changes in response to variation coming from various sources, such as diet, environment, time, and lifestyle. While lifestyle factors contribute a considerable part of the metabolic variation, current human studies lack information estimating lifestyle, mainly because it is not strictly defined.

Proteome and secretome profiling of the melanoma-induced transition towards immune incompetent dendritic cells reveals enhanced IDO1, cathepsin, and legumain activity.

Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells endowed with the capacity to initiate strong antitumor immune responses. This function is critical for effective DC-based immunotherapies but is often hampered by tumor-derived immunosuppressive factors, as is observed for CD14CD163 tumor-induced DC3s (ti-DC3s). ti-DC3s are increased in cancer patients where they display an immunosuppressive phenotype, accompanied by weak antigen-specific CD8 T cell-activating capacities.

PV and SOM cells play distinct causal roles in controlling network oscillations and stability.

The causal roles of parvalbumin (PV)- and somatostatin (SOM)-positive interneurons in regulating cortical oscillations and stability remain unclear. We developed a biologically grounded microcircuit model composed of excitatory (E), PV, and SOM neurons that explains key experimental findings, including the precise phase locking of PV cells, delayed firing of SOM cells, and the distinct effects of optogenetic perturbations. By perturbing the spike timing of cells while preserving their firing rates, we show that network oscillations depend on the precise timing of both PV and SOM cells: PV cells regulate oscillation frequency and network stability, while SOM cells control oscillation amplitude.