Based on Mitochondrial Genomes and Gene Order Rearrangements: Phylogenetic Relationships and Terrestrial Adaptability in Paguroidea (Crustacea: Decapoda).

The complete mitochondrial genome provides pivotal information that enhances our understanding of molecular phylogenetic analysis, evolution, and gene rearrangement. Anomura, a decapod taxon with exceptional phenotypic diversity, inhabits hydrothermal vents and various aquatic and terrestrial habitats. However, debates regarding the deep-level phylogeny of Anomura persist, particularly concerning its complex evolutionary relationships.

An enzymatic process of the Morita-Baylis-Hillman (MBH) reaction in a microflow system.

A green and efficient method for the Morita-Baylis-Hillman (MBH) reaction has been developed in a microflow system. A Novozym 435-catalyzed MBH reaction is reported, wherein the co-catalyst nicotinamide was employed to enhance the catalytic efficiency. The reaction was carried out under mild conditions, yielding the target product in up to 67% yield within 16 minutes.

Synthesis of pyridino[2,1-]quinazolinones a visible light-induced functionalization of alkynes/nitrile insertion/cyclization tandem sequences in continuous-flow technology.

We successfully developed an unprecedented route to pyridino[2,1-]quinazolinone synthesis through a visible light-induced functionalization of alkynes/nitrile insertion/cyclization tandem sequences in a microchannel reactor. The yield of the template reaction under optimized conditions is 91%. This photocatalytic reaction provides rapid, facile, and practical access to valuable polycyclic quinazolinone, and is amenable to the gram scale.

Functional adhesive hydrogels for biological interfaces.

Hydrogel adhesives are extensively employed in biological interfaces such as epidermal flexible electronics, tissue engineering, and implanted device. The development of functional hydrogel adhesives is a critical, yet challenging task since combining two or more attributes that seem incompatible into one adhesive hydrogel without sacrificing the hydrogel's pristine capabilities. In this Review, we highlight current developments in the fabrication of functional adhesive hydrogels, which are suitable for a variety of application scenarios, particularly those that occur underwater or on tissue/organ surface conditions.

[Effect of cordycepin on CX43 expression in the corpus cavernosum of type II diabetes induced erectile dysfunction in rats].

Objective: To study the effect of cordycepin on the expression of connexin 43 (CX43) in the corpus cavernosum tissue of the ED rats with type II diabetic mellitus (DM).

Methods: Forty male SD rats were fed with high-fat diet and injected intraperitoneally with STZ solution to induce type II DM, and then divided into 4 groups of an equal number: DM model control, low-dose cordycepin (10.0 mg/kg/d), high-dose cordycepin (30.

Silk-based conductive materials for smart biointerfaces.

Silk-based conductive materials are widely used in biointerface applications, such as artificial epidermal sensors, soft and implantable bioelectronics, and tissue/cell scaffolds. Such biointerface materials require coordinated physicochemical, biological, and mechanical properties to meet current practical needs and future sophisticated demands. However, it remains a challenge to formulate silk-based advanced materials with high electrical conductivity, good biocompatibility, mechanical robustness, and in some cases, tissue adhesion ability without compromising other physicochemical properties.

Electrochemical-Oxidation-Promoted Direct N-ortho-Selective Difluoromethylation of Heterocyclic -Oxides.

An efficient and green electrochemical N-ortho-selective difluoromethylation method of various quinoline and isoquinoline -oxides has been developed. In this method, sodium difluoromethanesulfinate (HCFSONa) was used as the source of the difluoromethyl moiety, and various N-ortho-selective difluoromethylation quinoline and isoquinoline -oxides were obtained in good to excellent yields under a constant current. In addition, the reaction was easy to scale up and maintained a good yield.

Microbial application of thermophilic Thermoanaerobacterium species in lignocellulosic biorefinery.

Recently, thermophilic Thermoanaerobacterium species have attracted increasing attentions in consolidated bioprocessing (CBP), which can directly utilize lignocellulosic materials for biofuels production. Compared to the mesophilic process, thermophilic process shows greater prospects in CBP due to its relatively highly efficiency of lignocellulose degradation. In addition, thermophilic conditions can avoid microbial contamination, reduce the cooling costs, and further facilitate the downstream product recovery.

Microencapsulation of nattokinase from fermentation by spray drying: Optimization, comprehensive score, and stability.

Nattokinase from fermentation has recently gained more attention due to its beneficial effects on cardiovascular system. However, the instability of free nattokinase limits its application. The aim of the study was to develop a spray-drying microencapsulation process to obtain the nattokinase powder with high activity, high quality, and strong storage stability.

Microfluidic synthesis of pyrrolidin-2-ones photoinduced organocatalyzed cyclization of styrene, α-bromoalkyl esters and primary amines.

A green and efficient reaction route for the synthesis of pyrrolidin-2-ones via photoinduced organocatalyzed three-component cyclization of styrene, tertiary α-bromoalkyl esters and primary amines in a microchannel reactor under visible light conditions has been developed. Moreover, the overall process can be carried out under mild conditions without using a metal. In addition, a reasonable reaction mechanism was proposed based on control experiments.

Oxidant- and Catalyst-Free Synthesis of Sulfonated Benzothiophenes via Electrooxidative Tandem Cyclization.

A green and practical electrochemical method for the synthesis of C-3-sulfonated benzothiophenes from 2-alkynylthioanisoles and sodium sulfinates was developed under oxidant- and catalyst-free conditions. Moderate to good yields of sulfonated benzothiophenes bearing important and useful functional groups have been achieved at a constant current. Preliminary mechanistic studies indicated a tandem radical addition-cyclization pathway.

The copper(ii)-catalyzed and oxidant-promoted regioselective C-2 difluoromethylation of indoles and pyrroles.

A novel and efficient approach for the highly selective C-2 difluoromethylation of indole derivatives was developed by using sodium difluoromethylsulfinate (HCFSONa) as the source of difluoromethyl groups and a Cu(ii) complex as the catalyst. Various substrates were well tolerated in this transformation and the desired products were obtained in moderate to good yields. Moreover, the late-stage C-2 difluoromethylation of bioactive molecules containing an indole ring was achieved in good yields.

Copper-TEMPO-catalyzed synthesis of α-ketoamides via tandem sp(3)C-H aerobic oxidation and amination of phenethyl alcohol derivatives.

An efficient copper-TEMPO-catalyzed one-pot synthesis of α-ketoamides from phenethyl alcohol derivatives was developed firstly. Moreover, molecular oxygen in open air was employed as the oxidant with a broad substrate scope, which makes this methodology more practical. Based on some control experiments, a plausible mechanism was proposed.

AIBN/NaBr-promoted aerobic oxidation of benzylic alcohols via a radical process.

An economic and practical AIBN-initiated aerobic oxidation system of benzylic alcohols, hetero aryl alcohols and allyl alcohols was developed for the first time. Moderate to excellent yields were obtained with a broad substrate scope. Moreover, a proposed mechanism of a radical process was assumed and confirmed by the key intermediate detected.