Heart DHA turnover is faster in female compared to male ALA- and EPA-fed mice.

Young females have higher circulating docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels than males, though the metabolic basis remains incompletely understood. Building on previous findings demonstrating higher hepatic synthesis of the DHA precursor, docosapentaenoic acid (DPAn-3) in males, this study extends the investigation to n-3 PUFA turnover in extrahepatic tissues of male and female C57BL/6N mice using compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA). Animals were fed a 12-week diet enriched in either α-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), or DHA, starting with a 4-week phase containing low carbon-13 (δC)-n-3 PUFA, followed by an 8-week phase with high δC-n-3 PUFA (n = 4 per diet, time point, sex).

Sex-specific Outcomes Following Thoracic Aortic Surgery.

Introduction: The impact of sex on quality of life (QoL) and long-term mortality after thoracic aortic surgery is incompletely understood. We investigated whether sex-related differences in these outcomes exist following surgery.

Methods: Patients undergoing thoracic aortic surgery between 2004-2023 were identified using the Manitoba Thoracic Aortic Database, which was linked to population-level registries in the Manitoba Centre for Health Policy.

Oral anticoagulation in patients with atrial fibrillation and heart valve prosthesis: a substudy from the LAAOS III Trial.

Objective: Societal guidelines recommend vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) for atrial fibrillation patients with recent biological valve implantation, but the safety and efficacy of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in this setting remain uncertain, especially in the early postoperative period. This substudy of the Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion Study (LAAOS) III trial aimed to compare thromboembolic and bleeding outcomes in patients discharged on VKAs versus DOACs after bioprosthesis implantation or mitral valve repair.

Methods: A total of 2,645 patients were included, with 461 discharged on DOACs and 2184 on VKAs.

RNA in plasma extracellular vesicles of adolescent rhesus macaques reveal immune, bioenergetic and microbial imprints of early life adversity - an exploratory analysis.

Background: Exposure to early life adversity (ELA), including childhood maltreatment, is one of the most significant risk factors for the emergence of psychosomatic disorders in adolescence and adulthood. Most investigations into biological processes that have been perturbed by ELA have profiled DNA methylation in whole blood and coalesced around perturbations of immunobiology being centrally insulted by ELA.

Methods: To identify novel molecular signatures that are enduringly perturbed by childhood maltreatment, we isolated circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) from plasma collected from adolescent rhesus macaques that had either experienced nurturing maternal care (CONT, n = 7, 4M 3F) or maltreatment in infancy (MALT, n = 6, 3M 3F).

Dynamics of a pine wilt disease control model with nonlocal competition and memory diffusion.

Pine wilt disease (PWD) is mainly spread by Monochamus alternatus (in short, M. alternatus). Woodpecker, as the natural predator of M.

Real-world use of terlipressin in cirrhosis and acute kidney injury: frequent use beyond hepatorenal syndrome.

Background & Aims: Terlipressin is indicated to treat hepatorenal syndrome (HRS)-acute kidney injury (AKI), but is likely used outside this primary indication in clinical practice. We aimed to investigate real-world practice patterns on the use of terlipressin in AKI in cirrhosis.

Methods: International prospective study including patients hospitalized for decompensated cirrhosis.

A randomized Phase II trial of High Dose-Rate (HDR) and Low Dose-Rate (LDR) brachytherapy as monotherapy in localized prostate cancer: analysis of initial arms of Canadian cancer trials group PR19 (NCT02960087).

Purpose/objectives: Low Dose-Rate Brachytherapy (LDR) and High Dose-Rate Brachytherapy (HDR) are options for favorable risk prostate cancer. We hypothesized that HDR provides comparable disease control with less urinary toxicity. Primary objective was to determine prostate cancer control at 48 months, defined as a PSA < 0.

Blood transcriptomic analysis reveals a distinct molecular subtype of treatment resistant depression compared to non-treatment resistant depression.

Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is a severe condition characterized by chronic and recurrent depressive symptoms, leading to significant morbidity and a considerable socio-economic impact. Genetic and biological studies suggest that TRD is associated with distinct biological characteristics. In this study, we analysed whole-transcriptome differences in 293 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) to compare TRD (N = 150) vs non-TRD (N = 143) cases.

Results of TOR001: an open-label single patient study using targeted bacteriophage therapy for the treatment of a chronic urinary tract infection.

Chronic urinary tract infections are persistent bacterial infections with the potential to drive antibiotic resistance. Like other persistent bacterial infections, intracellular bacterial reservoirs and biofilm formation hinder the clearance of pathogens despite long courses of antibiotic therapy. New strategies for treatment of these persistent infections are needed.

Hydrodynamic focusing to synthesize lipid-based nanoparticles: Computational and experimental analysis of chip design and formulation parameters.

Microfluidic hydrodynamic focusing (HF) has emerged as a powerful platform for the controlled synthesis of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) and liposomes, offering superior precision, reproducibility, and scalability compared to traditional batch methods. However, the impact of HF inlet configuration and channel geometry on nanoparticle formation remains poorly understood. In this study, we present a comprehensive experimental and computational analysis comparing 2-inlet (2-way) and 4-inlet (4-way) HF designs across various sheath inlet angles (45°, 90°, 135°) and cross-sectional geometries (square vs.

Practice-wide certification in stress-reducing animal care lowers the rate of patient-inflicted injuries to veterinary staff in small animal general practices.

Objective: The purpose of our study was to investigate the relationship between patient handling techniques and the incidence of patient-inflicted injury to veterinary staff. Furthermore, we aimed to characterize hospitals' postinjury care protocols.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on convenience sample data of small animal general practices in the US and Canada, collected via an online survey.

How big data analytics can strengthen large-scale food fortification and biofortification decision-making: A scoping review.

Big data analytics have shown great potential to improve decision-making in health, including disease surveillance and healthcare delivery. This scoping review explores how big data supports decision-making in large-scale food fortification (LSFF) and biofortification across the food value chain. Following PRISMA guidelines, we analyzed open-access peer-reviewed literature and gray literature from 2012 to 2022.

Using Machine Learning to Predict-Then-Optimize Elective Orthopedic Surgery Scheduling to Improve Operating Room Utilization: Retrospective Study.

Background: Total knee and hip arthroplasty (TKA and THA) are among the most performed elective procedures. Rising demand and the resource-intensive nature of these procedures have contributed to longer wait times despite significant health care investment. Current scheduling methods often rely on average surgical durations, overlooking patient-specific variability.

Multi-modal image analysis for large-scale cancer tissue studies within IMMUcan.

In cancer research, multiplexed imaging allows detailed characterization of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and its link to patient prognosis. The integrated immunoprofiling of large adaptive cancer patient cohorts (IMMUcan) consortium collects multi-modal imaging data from thousands of patients with cancer to perform broad molecular and cellular spatial profiling. Here, we describe and compare two workflows for multiplexed immunofluorescence (mIF) and imaging mass cytometry (IMC) developed within IMMUcan to enable the generation of standardized data for cancer tissue analysis.

Born to be wild: Wildings stay the course.

The immune system of wildlings-mice with a wild-derived microbiota-has features similar to that in adult humans. In this issue of Immunity, Oh et al. demonstrate the long-term stability of wildling microbiota and immune traits, establishing these mice as an accessible, transferable model for immunology research.

Inhibition study of model compounds from sludge-derived hydrothermal liquefaction aqueous product on anaerobic digestion.

This study systematically evaluated the inhibitory effects of model compounds from sludge-derived hydrothermal liquefaction aqueous phase (HTLaq) on anaerobic digestion (AD) at both mesophilic and thermophilic temperatures using a total of 1008 anaerobic toxicity assays (ATA). Twenty representative compounds of suspected inhibitors, including nitrogen-containing heterocyclics like pyridines, pyrrolidinones, and pyrazines, as well as phenols and ketones, were tested at varying dosages (25, 50, 100, 200, 400, and 800 mg/L) to assess their impact on volatile fatty acids (VFA) generation and consumption, methane production, substrate utilization, and inhibitory compound degradation. Results demonstrated that thermophilic AD is generally more susceptible to inhibition than mesophilic AD, both in terms of acute and chronic toxicity.

Longitudinal patterns and predictors of COVID-19 vaccine confidence from pre-vaccine rollout to mass vaccination: A population-based cohort study.

Background: Vaccine confidence is crucial for achieving high vaccination rates against COVID-19, yet vaccine confidence varied significantly throughout the pandemic. This study assessed the trajectories and predictors of COVID-19 vaccine confidence from prior to the vaccine rollout to mass vaccination.

Methods: It is a population-based cohort study with nine waves of longitudinal data from September 2020 to February 2023, spanning the pre-vaccine rollout to COVID-19 mass vaccination in Hong Kong.

Transitions of older adults between emergency departments and community care in Quebec: a case study.

This study aimed to examine the care coordination processes and challenges between emergency department and primary care interdisciplinary teams, with a focus on the role of nurses in ensuring safe transitions for older adults. A case study was conducted within an Integrated Health and Social Services Centre in Quebec. Two types of data were used: documents and semi-structured interviews with 15 professionals involved in the transition.

Effectiveness of cannabinoids on subjective sleep quality in people with and without insomnia or poor sleep: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised studies.

Study Objectives: This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the efficacy of cannabinoids compared to placebo for improving sleep quality.

Methods: Searches were conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane databases for randomised controlled trials comparing cannabinoids vs. placebo for improving sleep quality in adults with or without insomnia or poor sleep.

Autism and the Oral Microbiome: A Systematic Review of Host-microbial Interactions and Diversity.

Background: Emerging evidence suggests a link between the oral microbiome and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a neurodevelopmental condition characterised by social and behavioural impairments. The vast microbial reservoirs in the gut complement those of the oral cavity, suggesting a potential oral-gut-brain axis that may influence ASD and perhaps other neurological diseases, such as Parkinson's syndrome and Alzheimer's disease. For the first time, this systematic review synthesises the current knowledge of oral microbiome composition, diversity, and functionality in ASD and its potential diagnostic and therapeutic implications.

Do functional gut parameters predict enteral autonomy and chronic cholestasis in pediatric intestinal failure?

Background & Aims: Parenteral nutrition (PN) dependency in patients with intestinal failure (IF) can lead to complications including liver disease. Therefore, IF management strives to wean patients off PN. In adult IF, chronic cholestasis is predicted by the functional gut parameters citrulline (CIT) and enteroendocrine fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19), which inhibits hepatic bile salt synthesis.

New horizons in synthesis, functionalization, and deposition of advanced materials using multifunctional organic alkalizers.

This review describes new strategies in the use of multifunctional organic alkalizers (OA) for the fabrication of advanced functional materials. OA facilitate solubilization and delivery of poorly solubilized drugs through the formation of drug-OA complexes and supramolecular gels. OA are applied for the synthesis of materials for biomedical, energy storage, catalytic, photovoltaic, sensor, and electronic applications.

Assessment of seasonality in antimicrobial susceptibility testing and resistance of urinary Escherichia coli from dogs and cats in the United States (2019 - 2022).

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant global health challenge, impacting humans, animals, and the environment. Dogs and cats are vulnerable to urinary tract infections (UTIs), mostly caused by antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli, necessitating antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) for optimal treatment. This study investigated and evaluated the seasonality of AST and AMR in urinary E.

Slow binocular reading during rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) in children with amblyopia and the role of fixation instability.

Children with amblyopia read slower than their peers during binocular viewing. Ocular motor dysfunction typical of amblyopia may cause slow reading. It is unclear whether this is due to fixation instability or increased forward saccades.