Decoding the Interactions Between Antibiotics and Microplastics- Chemistry, Environmental Impacts, and Mitigation Approaches- A State-of-the-Art Review.

The coexistence of antibiotics (AB) and microplastics (MP) in the environment has led to the formation of AB-MP complexes, posing several ecological and public health challenges. This review explores the mechanisms driving AB adsorption onto MPs, including diverse interactions (hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen bonding, π-π stacking, and ionic exchange) and their role in maintaining the persistence and mobility of the complexes. These complexes have been reported to serve as reservoirs/vectors for antimicrobial resistance (AMR), disrupt microbial communities, and enhance the bioavailability of ABs, thus posing various threats affecting biodiversity health and ecosystem stability.

Metagenomic profiling of gut microbime: associating their role with the advancement of diabetic nephropathy.

Emerging evidence suggests that alterations in the gut microbiome should play a critical role in the development and progression of type 2 diabetes and its complication such as diabetic nephropathy (DN). Nevertheless, a considerable gap remains in our understanding of the interconnection between DN pathogenesis and gut microbiota arrangement. In this context, this review highlights recent research on the connection between the intestinal microbiota and DN risk, with a particular focus on the role of microbial metabolites in disease development.

Integrative analysis of transcriptome and metabolome profiles reveals immune-metabolic alterations in pulmonary sarcoidosis.

Background: Pulmonary sarcoidosis, a disease of unknown etiology, is characterized by the presence of noncaseating granulomas in lung parenchyma. This present study combines metabolomic and transcriptomic data to determine the metabolic and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and associated pathways in sarcoidosis patients as compared to healthy controls. It is envisioned that a better understanding of the underlying mechanism will help in diagnosis and future treatment strategies.

Multicomponent reactions (MCRs): an emerging toolbox for protein bioconjugation.

The bioconjugation of proteins is a powerful process that has tremendous applications in the fields of materials science and medicine. Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) provide an opportunity to conjugate at least two important molecules with a protein and furnish a versatile bioconjugate. In the last decade, bioconjugation chemistry has shown remarkable momentum with the involvement of different MCRs.

Unlocking the potential of lipid nanoparticles for enhanced glioma therapy: Recent advancements and future perspectives.

The most prevalent malignant CNS tumor is glioma, which exhibits a poor survival rate due to several limitations in its successful therapy. The existence of the blood-brain barrier, tumor heterogeneity, complex tumor microenvironment, and glioma stem cells are significant challenges in glioma therapy. This review article provides insight into the major hurdles of glioma therapy.

A clinicopathological investigation on morphological alterations of red blood cells among treated and untreated type II diabetes mellitus patients.

Introduction: The cross-sectional study was designed to analyze the morphological changes occurring in red blood cells (RBCs) among patients with type II diabetes mellitus (type II DM) and to investigate the association of these changes with various blood cell indices.

Materials And Methods: A total of 180 participants aged 20-65 years were divided into three groups: untreated type II DM (n = 60), treated type II DM (n = 60), and healthy controls (n = 60). Blood samples were collected, and blood cell indices were analyzed using an automated hematology analyzer.

Genetic overlap between sarcoidosis and lung cancer: a combined in silico and in vitro approach.

Sarcoidosis patients exhibit an elevated risk of developing lung cancer (LC), suggesting shared genetic and molecular mechanisms between these conditions. This study aimed to identify common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in sarcoidosis and LC and to evaluate the therapeutic potential of a repurposable drug targeting these shared genes. Gene expression datasets (GSE157671 and GSE229253) were analyzed to identify overlapping DEGs, with validation performed using additional GEO datasets and the GEPIA tool.

Deciphering genetic overlaps between pulmonary tuberculosis and GERD for drug target discovery: A structural bioinformatics perspective.

Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are clinically distinct but may share common molecular mechanisms. This study used integrative bioinformatics to identify 23 significantly dysregulated genes common to both conditions. Key regulatory microRNAs (hsa-miR-34a-5p, hsa-let-7b-5p, hsa-let-7g-5p) and macrophage-associated pathways were implicated.

Therapeutic potential of natural compounds in targeting cancer stem cells: a promising approach for cancer treatment.

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a specific subset of cancer cells that possess the ability to self-renew, resist therapies, and promote metastasis, making them a crucial target in cancer treatment. This study investigates the therapeutic potential of natural compounds in targeting CSCs, particularly their ability to inhibit key signaling pathways, induce apoptosis, and alter the tumor microenvironment. This article reviews the molecular mechanisms that maintain CSCs and contribute to their resistance, focusing on the roles of the WNT/β-catenin, Hedgehog, Notch, and PI3K/ATK/mTOR pathways.

Targeting the dengue virus NS5-Methyltransferase SAM binding site with limonoids: Molecular docking, dynamics simulation, DFT and ADMET analysis.

Dengue virus (DENV) infects over 100 million people annually, yet no approved antiviral therapies are available. The DENV genome is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA (+) ssRNA) encoding ten proteins: three structural (capsid, membrane, and envelope) and seven non-structural (NS1-NS5). Among these, the NS5 methyltransferase (NS5-MTase) is essential for viral replication and is a promising drug target due to the absence of approved inhibitors.

Targeting PARP14: An in silico framework for identifying novel Competitive inhibitors via 3D-QSAR pharmacophore modeling and molecular dynamics.

Post-translational modifications fine-tune protein function and regulate key signalling pathways in eukaryotic cells. ADP-ribosylation, which is catalyzed by the poly(ADP‒ribose) polymerase (PARP) family of enzymes, governs processes such as transcription, DNA repair, and inflammation. PARP14, a mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase, has emerged as a key player in cancer, with its overexpression linked to aggressive B-cell lymphomas and metastatic prostate cancer, positioning it as a promising therapeutic target.

Crossing Boundaries: A Review of the Diverse Functions of Heterocyclic Compounds in the Management of Cancer and Infectious Diseases.

Introduction/objective: Heterocyclic molecules, a mainstay of contemporary medicinal chemistry, are essential in developing antibacterial and anticancer treatments. Their distinct structural features-one or more heteroatoms within the ring-allow for a wide range of biological activities. With a focus on their modes of action and insights into the structure-activity relationship (SAR), this study examines the therapeutic uses of heterocyclic compounds in antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and anticancer treatments.

Unraveling the Microbiome-Asthma Axis: Metagenomic Insights from Airway and Gut Microbial Communities.

Asthma is a heterogeneous respiratory disease with complex pathogenesis involving immune dysregulation, environmental triggers, and increasingly recognized to have contributions from the human microbiome. Emerging evidence from longitudinal birth cohorts and multi-omics studies reveals that early-life microbial colonization patterns in both the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts play a crucial role in shaping immune trajectories and influencing asthma susceptibility. This expert review highlights the findings from pivotal studies that associate dysbiosis in the gut and airway microbiota with asthma development and its diverse phenotypic manifestations.

Decentralized trust framework for smart cities: a blockchain-enabled cybersecurity and data integrity model.

The rapid evolution of smart cities has led to transformative advancements through the integration of IoT devices, sensors, and data-driven systems, yet has simultaneously exposed critical vulnerabilities in cybersecurity, data integrity, and trust management. This research proposes a Decentralized Trust Framework that leverages blockchain technology, AI-driven threat detection, and a Lightweight Adaptive Proof-of-Stake (LA-PoS) consensus mechanism to address these challenges. The framework integrates three key layers: a Blockchain Layer for decentralized trust and immutability, a Cybersecurity Layer employing cryptographic standards and AI-based anomaly detection, and a Data Integrity Protocol Layer for real-time synchronization and tamper-proof data validation.

An efficient signature aggregation scheme with antenna hardware implementation for VANETs.

Vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) plays a major role in enhancing road safety and traffic management. However, they suffer from security and scalability issues due to dynamic network conditions. Conventional signature aggregation schemes have high computational and communication cost limiting real-time efficiency.

Real-time detection and localization of honeycomb defects in concrete pillars using hybrid deep learning models.

This paper presents a hybrid model based on deep learning for the detection and instance segmentation of defects in honeycombs of concrete structures with YOLOv5 and Mask R-CNN. The approach combines the fast object detection feature of YOLOv5 with the precise instance segmentation feature of Mask R-CNN to effectively resolve and localize defect areas in structural images. A silicon dataset containing 1991 annotated images was utilized to train the model and evaluate.

Prostaglandin E2 dependent migration of human brain endothelial cells is mediated through Rho-Kinase-II.

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), that plays a crucial role in angiogenesis as well as in ischemic and inflammatory disorders of the brain, is associated with breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Previously, we had shown that PGE2-induced human brain endothelial cells (HBECs) migration, and works in a cooperative manner through its three receptors (EP2, EP3 & EP4). However, the detailed signaling mechanism of PGE2-induced HBECs migration remains obscure.

The Future of mRNA Vaccines: Potential Beyond COVID-19.

In recent years, mRNA therapeutics have emerged as a promising platform in treating a wide range of diseases, including cancers, infections, genetic disorders, and autoimmune diseases. This review focuses on the clinical impact of mRNA-based treatments and their transformative potential in modern medicine. mRNA therapeutics utilize the host's cellular machinery to produce target proteins, enabling highly specific and customizable treatments.

Modulation of the tumor promoting and tumor suppressing roles of ROS in hematopoietic cells of experimental leukemic mice.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can cause a lot of pathophysiological consequences, a phenomenon referred to as oxidative stress. With regard to carcinogenesis, ROS is described as a "double-edged sword" due to its condition specific role as a tumor promoter or a tumor suppressor. The current work aims to delineate the mechanistic aspect of this dual role of oxidative stress during hematopoietic malignancy, i.

Carboxylato-O and Pyridyl-N Hybrid Bridging Zn(II)-Based Two-Dimensional Fluorescent Coordination Polymers as Anticancer Drugs.

Zinc is the second most prevalent biometal found in the human body. Zn-based polymers have been gaining attention as anticancer drugs without interfering with the normal activites of cell lines. With this importance, we have synthesized Zn(II)-based 2D heterobridging coordination polymers, {[Zn(tdc)(bpms)(HO)], ()} and {[Zn(tdc)(bpds)(HO)·2HO], ()} (tdc, 2,5-thiophene dicarboxylate; bpms, 4,4'-dipyridyl sulfide; and bpds, 4,4'-dipyridyl disulfide).

Thermoresponsive solid lipid nanoparticles and its potential for CNS tumor therapy.

Nanoparticulate drug delivery systems have significantly enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of numerous drugs in various disease therapies. Recently, stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems have been employed to treat disease conditions, specifically cancer therapy. Thermoresponsive drug delivery systems are most frequently applied for cancer treatment as these can be combined with hyperthermia or radiation therapy.

Gene as a Molecular Target Potentially Shared by Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis and Pulmonary Hypertension: Drug Repurposing Prospect with Aminoglutethimide.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and pulmonary hypertension (PH) are two chronic conditions that can coexist occasionally, resulting in high morbidity and mortality. Despite their clinical association, the underlying genetic mechanisms and therapeutic targets that might link these two chronic disorders remain poorly understood. The present study used analyses and machine learning to uncover genetic features and potential therapeutic targets shared by IPF and PH.

Chitosan nanocarriers: A promising approach for glioblastoma therapy.

Glioblastoma is a rapidly growing form of brain tumour originating from the supportive tissues present in the brain or spinal cord. The conventional therapeutic options include the use of alkylating agents, radiation and surgical procedures, that exhibits numerous limitations. The considerably less survival rate, very high incidence of recurrence and lack of effective therapeutic options has made the disease as the most lethal brain cancer.