Examining the moderating role of adverse childhood experiences on the link between executive functioning and depressive/anger rumination among adolescents.

Introduction: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are theorized to amplify the effects of poor executive functioning (EF) leading to rumination. Though, few studies test this hypothesis among adolescents. Rumination is a transdiagnostic risk factor linked to mental health problems.

Caregiver empowerment, family asthma management, and patient-provider relationship for children with asthma.

Introduction: Caregivers play an important role in their child's asthma management. This study examines the association of caregiver empowerment with family asthma management, and the patient-provider relationship for urban children and their caregivers.

Method: Data were collected between 2011 and 2014.

Development and Tailoring of a Peer-Administered Asthma Management Intervention for Urban Latino Middle School Children.

: Children from Latino backgrounds face unique challenges in managing asthma. Barriers are compounded when children live in urban settings and are exposed to urban stressors (e.g.

Perspectives from Systems-Level Key Informants on Optimizing Opioid Use Disorder Treatment for Adolescents and Young Adults.

Rates of receiving opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment among adolescents and young adults (AYA) aged 16-25 are low. The current study qualitatively analyzed informants' perspectives regarding the availability of, developmental considerations relevant to, and barriers associated with OUD treatment for AYA. : Thirty key informants involved with OUD treatment in the northeastern United States completed individual, semi-structured interviews, including treatment providers (N = 11) and clinic leaders in programs that provide medication and psychosocial treatments for AYA with OUD (N = 10), as well as opioid-related policymakers (N = 6) and patient advocates (N = 3).

Partner-inclusive prenatal intervention to promote parenting readiness: Results from a pilot trial.

Structural inequities in the United States limit access to prenatal parenting education and supports for many pregnant people and their partners. This pilot trial aimed to evaluate the impact of a novel partner-inclusive intervention on new parents' knowledge of developmentally appropriate early parenting practices. Forty-two participants were assigned to the 6-week group intervention and 38 participants were assigned to a usual care comparison group.

Addressing Pediatric Asthma Disparities through RI-AIR's Community Approach: A Randomized Trial.

Rationale: Clustering of social and environmental risks in low-income neighborhoods is a key factor in racial and ethnic asthma disparities. Integrating school and in-home programs, with treatment tailored to disease risk, is a promising approach for children with high disease burden.

Objectives: We evaluated the Rhode Island-Asthma Integrated Response (RI-AIR) Program in improving asthma outcomes at the individual and community levels.

Early life stress, psychiatric conditions, and mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) in medically healthy young adults.

Background: Early life stress (ELS) is a well-established risk factor for psychiatric conditions across the lifespan. A growing body of evidence indicates that alterations to mitochondrial DNA may result from chronic activation of physiological stress responses in ELS and may be associated with psychiatric outcomes. Several studies have found relationships between a number of psychiatric conditions and mtDNA copy number (mtDNAcn), with emerging evidence for a role of early life stress in these associations.

Multilevel and multimodal biobehavioral methods in the study of stress, trauma, and resilience: a systems approach.

In recent years, there has been a proliferation of methodological and technological advances in stress, trauma, and resilience research. We present an approach to studying the structural transmission of stress, trauma, and resilience across multiple socio-ecological systems. Specifically, we highlight methodologies that are: (1) Multilevel in capturing the compounding of traumas and stressors across multiple socio-ecological systems over time, (2) multimodal in integrating data from different sources and across different settings, and (3) biobehavioral in assessing how stress, trauma, and resilience affect biology and behavior.

The behavioral health needs of legally involved sexual minority female adolescents.

Background: Sexual minority (SM) female adolescents involved in the legal system experience marginalization and health inequities. This study examined the differences in psychosocial functioning and risk behaviors among legally involved SM and heterosexual female adolescents to better understand their behavioral health needs. We hypothesized that SM females, as individuals at the intersection of two marginalized groups, would demonstrate greater psychiatric symptom severity and engagement in risk behaviors than their heterosexual counterparts.

Mental Health, Substance Use, Trauma Exposure, and Experiences of Discrimination Among Caregivers of Youth With Juvenile Legal System Involvement.

Family-focused interventions for youth with juvenile legal system involvement place emphasis on improving caregiver wellbeing. However, there is limited work to date characterizing the prevalence and determinants of behavioral health concerns among these caregivers. The present study sought to examine among 100 caregivers of youth with juvenile legal system involvement: (a) rates of depression, anxiety, PTSD, and cannabis and alcohol use; (b) frequency of exposure to traumatic events and discrimination; and (c) the association between experiences of traumatic events and discrimination and behavioral health concerns.

Examining Practices for Youth Illegal Sexual Behaviors which May Warrant De-Implementation: Overview and Recommendations.

Youth problem sexual behaviors (PSBs), and particularly youth illegal sexual behaviors, have deleterious consequences for youth who engage in them, including removal from the home, perpetration of non-sexual offenses, and chronic involvement with the child welfare and juvenile legal systems (Lussier, Juvenile sex offending through a developmental life course criminology perspective: An agenda for policy and research). Further, individuals who are victims of youth PSBs also experience poor mental and physical health outcomes, resulting in a significant public health expenditure (Hailes et al., Long-term outcomes of childhood sexual abuse: An umbrella review).

Cluster analysis of caregiver and adolescent emotion regulation and its relation to sexual health and dating communication.

Objective: Adolescent emotion regulation (ER) has been positively linked to caregiver-adolescent sexual communication. With ER becoming increasingly conceptualized as an interpersonal process, it is likely that both adolescent and caregiver ER impact communication patterns to some extent; thus, each must be accounted for in scientific inquiry and intervention approaches. We aimed to identify distinct profiles of caregiver and adolescent ER and examine how each profile is differentially related to caregiver-adolescent communication about sexual health and relationships.

Youth with Behavioral Health Symptoms in the Juvenile Legal System: From Assessment of Needs to Interventions to Scalability.

This article provides an overview of the current state of assessment and clinical intervention approaches for youth with juvenile legal system (JLS) involvement. The review includes () a brief overview of characteristics of youth with JLS involvement; () current screening and assessment frameworks within the JLS that identify treatment needs; () an overview of effective clinical interventions for common behavioral health concerns among youth with JLS involvement, including information about tailoring interventions to address the multiple intersecting identities (e.g.

Childhood adversity and adolescent epigenetic age acceleration: the role of adolescent sleep health.

Study Objectives: We investigated how a dimension of early life adversity (ELA), capturing threat in the home, relates to later epigenetic age acceleration in adolescence through sleep (duration, efficiency, and timing) to empirically test theoretical models suggesting the importance of sleep as a key mechanism linking ELA with poor health outcomes and to expand the limited literature on sleep and epigenetic aging among youth.

Methods: We utilized data from 861 participants in the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study who participated in the actigraphy substudy at age 15. Sleep variables used were average total sleep time (TST), sleep efficiency (SE), and sleep onset timing.

One state's journey with a reflective supervision professional development series: Development, implementation, and adaptation.

Reflective supervision (RS) has been viewed as best practice and is therefore incorporated-and often mandated-as a key feature of many relationship-based infant and early childhood serving programs. To promote the implementation of high-quality RS for infant and early childhood professionals, it is critical that a focus is placed on how infant and early childhood professionals are trained to build RS capacities. To this end, we describe Rhode Island, United States's journey developing, implementing, and iteratively adapting an RS professional development series.

Concordance Between Asthma Symptom Reports and Objective Lung Function, and Associations With Sleep Outcomes in Urban Children.

Objectives: To examine the extent to which asthma symptom concordance (ASC) or discordance (ASD) is associated with sleep outcomes in children with persistent asthma. Also, to investigate whether the association between ASC and sleep outcomes varies as a function of children's level of asthma control and severity.

Methods: A retrospective data analysis of Project NAPS (Nocturnal Asthma and Performance in School), an observational study which examined asthma and sleep outcomes in children with persistent asthma.

Increased Rate of Unique Mitochondrial DNA Deletion Breakpoints in Young Adults With Early-Life Stress.

Background: Mounting evidence suggests that mitochondria respond to psychosocial stress. Recent studies suggest mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletions may be increased in some psychiatric disorders, but no studies have examined early-life stress (ELS) and mtDNA deletions. In this study, we assessed mtDNA deletions in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of medically healthy young adults with and without ELS.

The effects of experimental sleep disruption on daytime performance among children with asthma living in urban environments.

Objectives: Children with asthma living in urban environments are at risk for disrupted sleep due to the presence of nocturnal asthma symptoms and urban stressors. Suboptimal sleep can affect children's daily functioning. The current study examined the effects of experimental sleep disruption on daytime performance in children with persistent asthma from urban backgrounds.

Associations of personality traits with actigraphic sleep in middle-aged and older adults.

Although prior studies have examined associations of personality traits with sleep, most have investigated self-reported sleep, been cross-sectional, and focused on younger and middle-aged adults. We investigated associations of personality with actigraphic sleep parameters and changes in sleep in 398 cognitively normal adults aged 40-95 years (M ± SD = 70.1 ± 12.

Qualitative interviews with young adults at risk for psychosis and who use Cannabis: Informing the development of a mobile intervention.

Cannabis use disorder is common among young adults in psychiatric care, particularly those at risk for psychosis. Yet, interventions tailored to address this issue are limited. The goal of this qualitative study was to determine barriers and facilitators for reducing/quitting cannabis use, and to obtain end-user perspectives to inform a mobile app-based intervention.

Insomnia partially mediates the relationship between anxiogenic and depressogenic traits and state anxiety and depression in college students.

Objective: Insomnia, anxiety, and depression are common and co-morbid amongst college students. The mechanisms by which trait factors like intolerance of uncertainty and anxiety sensitivity connect to state anxiety and depression is unclear, but insomnia may mediate that relationship.

Participants: College students ( = 439) were recruited from national and local sources.

Effortful Control, Parent-Child Relationships, and Behavior Problems among Preschool-Aged Children Experiencing Adversity.

Young children who experience adversity are at increased risk for developing psychological difficulties across the lifespan. Among community samples, parent-child relationship dynamics interact with child effortful control to predict child behavior problems. The nature of these associations has not been examined among children who have experienced early childhood adversity and who may be particularly sensitive to familial effects on child development.

Mothers' recollections of parenting by their own mothers and fathers and maternal and infant outcomes.

Objective: Using a family network approach, we examined patterns of remembered parental rearing by both parents and associations with maternal and infant outcomes.

Background: Women's memories of how they were cared for by their own mothers in childhood are associated with important outcomes in the perinatal period. However, few studies assess women's recollections of caregiving by their fathers, despite fathers' influence on the larger family context and child adjustment.