A sensitive and specific non-invasive urine biomarker panel for prostate cancer detection.

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the leading causes of cancer death in men. While prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing is widely used for screening, its diagnostic accuracy is limited, often failing to distinguish between benign and malignant prostate conditions, underscoring the need for novel biomarkers with improved diagnostic performance. This study aimed to identify and validate a panel of urinary RNA biomarkers with improved diagnostic accuracy for PCa.

Phase 2 Study of Zilovertamab Vedotin in Participants With Metastatic Solid Tumors.

Purpose: Zilovertamab vedotin, an antibody‒drug conjugate targeting receptor tyrosine kinase‒like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1), had manageable safety and promising antitumor activity in participants with relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin lymphomas. We evaluated zilovertamab vedotin in participants with previously-treated metastatic solid tumors.

Methods: This phase 2, open-label, nonrandomized study (NCT04504916) enrolled participants with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer, hormone receptor‒positive (HR+) breast cancer, nonsquamous non‒small-cell lung cancer, platinum-resistant ovarian cancer, or pancreatic cancer.

Digital Versus Manual PD-L1 Scoring in Advanced NSCLC From the IMpower110 and IMpower150 Trials.

Introduction: Treatment selection in patients with advanced NSCLC is based on programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, which is usually scored manually and is subject to intra- and inter-pathologist variability. A PD-L1 clone-agnostic artificial intelligence (AI) model for AI-based measurement of PD-L1 (AIM-PD-L1) was developed and assessed in advanced NSCLC using clinical samples from two phase 3 trials.

Methods: IMpower110 evaluated atezolizumab versus chemotherapy in PD-L1-positive metastatic, stage IV, squamous or nonsquamous NSCLC.

Efficacy and Safety of Avutometinib ± Defactinib in Recurrent Low-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer: Primary Analysis of ENGOT-OV60/GOG-3052/RAMP 201.

Purpose: This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of avutometinib (rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma/mitogen-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase [MEK] clamp) alone or in combination with defactinib (focal adhesion kinase inhibitor) in patients with recurrent low-grade serous ovarian cancer (LGSOC).

Methods: In this phase II, open-label study, patients with recurrent, measurable LGSOC after ≥1 line of platinum chemotherapy were stratified by tumor Kirsten rat sarcoma virus homolog () mutation status and randomly assigned to oral avutometinib 4.0 mg two times per week monotherapy or avutometinib 3.

Implementation of High-Sensitivity Troponin for Early Rule-Out of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Emergency Department.

Background/purpose: Chest pain is a common reason for ED visits. Implementing a HEART score-based algorithm previously increased early discharges by 99%. This study aims to determine if the transition from cTnT to hs-cTnT assays affected patient disposition rates.

Palazestrant, a novel oral Complete Estrogen Receptor Antagonist (CERAN) and Selective Estrogen Receptor Degrader (SERD), in patients with ER+/HER2- advanced or metastatic breast cancer: phase 1/2 study results.

Background: Endocrine resistance is a major challenge in treating patients with ER+ /HER2- metastatic breast cancer (MBC) necessitating a switch from endocrine therapy to more toxic therapies. Mutations in ESR1 constitute a key mechanism of resistance to endocrine therapy in ER+ /HER2- BC. Therapies that overcome endocrine resistance are needed.

Rucaparib for maintenance treatment of platinum-sensitive, recurrent ovarian carcinoma: Final results of the phase 3, randomized, placebo-controlled ARIEL3 trial.

Background: In ARIEL3, rucaparib maintenance significantly improved progression-free survival (PFS; primary endpoint) and long-term follow-up (LTFU) outcomes (including PFS2: time to disease progression on subsequent therapy or death) versus placebo in patients with recurrent, platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer. Here we report the final analysis of overall survival (OS; key secondary endpoint), LTFU outcomes, and safety.

Methods: OS and updated LTFU efficacy outcomes were analyzed (data cutoff date: April 4, 2022) across three nested populations (BRCA-mutated, homologous recombination deficient [HRD], and intention to treat [ITT]).

NRG-BR008/HERO study: a Phase III randomized trial of radiotherapy optimization for low-risk HER2-positive breast cancer.

NCT05705401 (ClinicalTrials.gov).

Omitting Regional Nodal Irradiation after Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy.

Background: The benefit of regional nodal irradiation in the treatment of breast cancer is well established for patients with pathologically positive axillary nodes, but whether it is also beneficial for patients whose nodes become pathologically tumor free (ypN0) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy remains unclear.

Methods: We evaluated whether regional nodal irradiation improves outcomes in patients with biopsy-proven, node-positive breast cancer who reach ypN0 status after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Patients with breast cancer with a clinical stage of T1 to T3 (tumor size, ≤2 cm to >5 cm), N1, and M0 (indicating spread to one to three axillary lymph nodes but no distant metastasis) who had ypN0 status after neoadjuvant chemotherapy were randomly assigned to receive regional nodal irradiation or no regional nodal irradiation.

Robotic-assisted hysterectomy for endometrial cancer.

Robotic-assisted surgery (RAS) has revolutionized the treatment of endometrial cancer (EC), providing a less invasive alternative to traditional open methods. In early-stage EC, RAS has shown similar oncological results compared to conventional techniques while offering notable improvements in perioperative outcomes, such as shorter hospital stays, less post-operative pain, and faster recovery times. Additionally, the robotic platform has seen widespread adoption in gynecologic oncology due to its ability to address the limitations of conventional laparoscopy, especially reduced conversion rate from minimally invasive surgery (MIS) to open/laparotomy.

OVATION-2: A randomized phase I/II study evaluating the safety and efficacy of IMNN-001 (IL-12 gene therapy) with neo/adjuvant chemotherapy in patients newly-diagnosed with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer.

Objective: OVATION-2, a randomized, controlled, open label phase 1/2 study, evaluated the safety and efficacy of IMNN-001, an IL-12 immune gene therapy, with neo/adjuvant chemotherapy (N/ACT) compared to N/ACT in newly-diagnosed advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC).

Methods: IMNN-001 is an immunotherapeutic nanoparticle comprising a DNA plasmid encoding the IL-12 gene encased in a lipopolymer. High-grade EOC patients were randomized 1:1 to carboplatin/paclitaxel IV every 21 days for 3 cycles, before and after interval debulking surgery (IDS) or to intraperitoneal (IP) IMNN-001, given weekly concurrently with chemotherapy for 8 weeks before and 9 weeks after IDS.

Role of Adjuvant Therapy in Current Perioperative Immunotherapy-based Trials in Bladder Cancer: A Justified Standard.

None of the ongoing phase 3 trials are evaluating the impact of the adjuvant component of perioperative PD1/PDL1 inhibition combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Biomarkers of benefit are not validated. Hence, omission of the adjuvant component cannot be supported.

Early dynamics of clinical and laboratory parameters predict primary refractory disease in patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma receiving atezolizumab.

Background: In patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) receiving programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors, it is critically important to identify primary refractory patients very early to enable modification of therapy before clinical progression and decline of performance status. We hypothesized that baseline and early-on-treatment (EOT) parameters may help identify patients likely to have primary refractory disease.

Methods: We considered baseline and EOT variables measured up to 5 weeks after initiating therapy in the phase 3 clinical trial IMvigor211, which compared atezolizumab versus chemotherapy, in muC patients who had progressed on platinum-based chemotherapy.

Breast Tumor-Bed Biopsy for Pathological Complete Response Prediction: The NRG-BR005 Nonrandomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Use of modern neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) regimens has markedly increased rates of pathologic complete response (pCR) in breast cancer, raising the question of whether surgical removal of the primary tumor is required for patients with pCR. For surgery to be omitted, one must be able to accurately predict pCR before surgery.

Objective: To investigate if adding post-NAC core needle biopsy of the tumor bed to trimodality imaging in patients who have clinical complete response (cCR) will predict pCR (resolution of both invasive disease and ductal carcinoma in situ) in 90% or more cases.

Cabozantinib plus Pembrolizumab as First-line Therapy for Cisplatin-ineligible Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma: The PemCab Trial.

Background And Objective: Pembrolizumab monotherapy is approved for patients with platinum-ineligible metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC). Cabozantinib is a multireceptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor with activity against MET and VEGFR2 and is approved as monotherapy or in combination with a PD-1 inhibitor for other malignancies. The objective was to determine the safety and efficacy of pembrolizumab + cabozantinib as first-line treatment for patients with mUC.

A pilot study of [F]F-fluciclovine positron emission tomography/computed tomography for staging muscle invasive bladder cancer preceding radical cystectomy.

Aim: To assess the ability of [F]F-fluciclovine-PET/CT to stage muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) before radical cystectomy.

Methods: This single-site prospective pilot study enrolled patients with MIBC and T2-T4, N0 disease on CT/MRI slated to undergo radical cystectomy (RC). Dynamic and static [F]F-fluciclovine-PET/CT images were acquired.

Prevalence and molecular correlates of acquired resistance mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Background: While EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are effective in treating patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with mutations, acquired resistance is expected. We aimed to determine the prevalence and molecular correlates of resistance mutations in a large, real-world cohort of -mutated NSCLC.

Research Design And Methods: NSCLC tumors ( = 46,505) were profiled by next-generation sequencing (NGS) and immunohistochemistry at Caris Life Sciences (Phoenix, AZ).

Perioperative Drug Management of Systemic Therapies in Breast Cancer: A Literature Review and Treatment Recommendations.

Breast cancer accounts for about 30% of all new female cancers each year, and its incidence is increasing 0.6% per year. An enhanced understanding of the molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis has led to the development of constantly evolving strategies for local and systemic therapies.

Emerging molecular testing paradigms in non-small cell lung cancer management-current perspectives and recommendations.

Advances in molecular testing and precision oncology have transformed the clinical management of lung cancer, especially non-small cell lung cancer, enhancing diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes. Practical guidelines offer insights into selecting appropriate biomarkers and assays, emphasizing the importance of comprehensive testing. However, real-world data reveal the underutilization of biomarker testing and consequently targeted therapies.

Development of tele-lifestyle-based multidisciplinary survivorship program for gynecologic oncology practice.

We assessed the recruitment and retention of a short 8-week telemedicine-based group peri-habilitation program for gynecologic cancer survivors. Multidisciplinary team included: a gynecologic oncologist with additional board certification by the American College of Lifestyle Medicine, cancer-specific nutritionist, culinary medicine chef, physical therapist, exercise physiologists, mental health counselor, body image aesthetician, pelvic floor therapist, and sex therapist. Pre- and post-self-administered questionnaires assessed conformity to lifestyle medicine pillars and a general medical symptom questionnaire (MSQ).

Theranostic implications of Nectin-4 oncoprotein in gynecologic cancers: A review.

Introduction: Gynecologic cancers, in order of prevalence, include uterine, ovarian, cervical, vaginal, and vulvar cancers. In 2024, there will be more than 116,000 new cases of gynecologic cancers and 33,800 disease-related deaths. Therefore, a concerted effort has been made to better understand the underlying pathophysiological processes and identify novel theranostic approaches.

Outcomes of Acute Pancreatitis Hospitalizations with Obesity.

Objective: Assessing the relationship of body mass index (BMI) on acute pancreatitis (AP) hospitalization in the United States (US).

Methods: The National Inpatient Sample utilized to capture normal weight, overweight, and obese AP hospitalization in the US during 2020 based on BMI. Patients, hospitalization characteristics, and outcomes were compared.