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Article Abstract
Intravenous smart pump alarm fatigue remains a persistent and underrecognized patient safety concern in acute and critical care settings. Although alarm fatigue has been traditionally associated with physiological monitors, intravenous smart pumps are also a frequent source of alarms for hospitalized patients that contribute substantially to alarm fatigue. This article synthesizes current evidence on intravenous smart pumps and related alarm fatigue, identifies knowledge gaps, and proposes short-term and long-term interventions. Inconsistencies in alarm design and inadequate human-centered design have led to the development of intravenous smart pump systems that create an unacceptably high number of technical alarms that are unrelated to changes in patient status. Data-driven strategies are discussed as mechanisms to reduce burden and enhance alarm effectiveness. A systems-level approach combining human factors engineering, intelligent algorithm development, and clinical partnerships with manufacturers is essential for reducing alarm-related risk, decreasing nursing workload, and improving patient outcomes.
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