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A hydrophilic phenothiazine-based fluorescent probe (PTZMN) was developed for the selective and sensitive detection of hypochlorite (ClO) in pure water. Upon ClO stimulation, PTZMN exhibited a distinct colorimetric shift and a "turn-on" fluorescence response at 496 nm, with a low detection limit of 5.2 × 10 mol/L and excellent linearity (R = 0.9956) within the 0-60 μL range. ESI-MS, H NMR, and DFT studies confirmed that ClO induces oxidative cleavage of the imine (C=N) bond, disrupting intramolecular charge transfer process (ICT). The probe showed high selectivity and strong anti-interference capability, and was successfully applied to ClO detection in disinfectants and water samples, as well as on test strips for naked-eye colorimetric detection and fluorescence detection (LOD < 10 mol/L). Moreover, PTZMN was successfully applied to high-resolution fluorescence imaging in live HeLa cells and zebrafish embryos, with no observable toxicity. These findings highlight PTZMN's potential as a powerful platform for environmental analysis, portable detection and biological redox imaging.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2025.126892 | DOI Listing |
Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc
September 2025
Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory for the Natural Products Chemistry and Functional Molecular Synthesis; College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, PR China. Electronic address:
A hydrophilic phenothiazine-based fluorescent probe (PTZMN) was developed for the selective and sensitive detection of hypochlorite (ClO) in pure water. Upon ClO stimulation, PTZMN exhibited a distinct colorimetric shift and a "turn-on" fluorescence response at 496 nm, with a low detection limit of 5.2 × 10 mol/L and excellent linearity (R = 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChem Commun (Camb)
August 2025
Department of Chemistry and the Tsinghua Center for Frontier Polymer Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China.
In this work, four phenothiazine (PHE)-based PSs (termed PPI1, PPI2, TPI1, and TPI2) were designed and synthesized by integrating various electron donor groups (pyrene, phenanthrene, terphenyl, and tetraphenylene) with PHE to regulate their donor structure. These PSs exhibit near-infrared fluorescence and aggregation-enhanced reactive oxygen species generation ability through a type I pathway, offering a potential strategy to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of PDT in cancer treatment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSpectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc
January 2026
School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China. Electronic address:
Mitochondria, the primary energy-producing organelles, critically regulate cellular activities. Their internal viscosity-a key microenvironmental parameter-directly affects material transport and energy conversion, with aberrant levels linked to disease pathogenesis. Most reported mitochondrial viscosity probes were susceptible to polar interference, resulting in insufficient specificity for viscosity detection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Fluoresc
June 2025
Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Gazi University, Ankara, 06500, Türkiye.
Hydrazine is a highly toxic yet industrially indispensable compound extensively employed in aerospace, pharmaceutical, and polymer sectors. Its pronounced carcinogenicity and ecological persistence necessitate the development of sensitive and selective detection strategies, particularly for aqueous environments. Herein, we present PHENOZ, a cost-effective and structurally simple phenothiazine-based fluorescent probe functionalized with a dicyanovinyl moiety, capable of selectively detecting hydrazine with a prominent turn-on fluorescence response.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNanomaterials (Basel)
June 2025
Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy.
Nanotechnology is transforming contemporary medicine by providing cutting-edge tools for the treatment and diagnosis of complex disorders. Advanced techniques such as bioimaging and photodynamic therapy (PDT) combine early diagnosis and targeted therapy, offering a more precise approach than conventional treatments. However, a significant obstacle for PDT is the need to selectively deliver photosensitizers to disease sites while minimizing systemic side effects.
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