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Article Abstract
Modern immigration management systems face three critical challenges: security vulnerabilities in centralized databases exemplified by a 2023 breach exposing over 120,000 records processing inefficiencies resulting in delays over 30 days, and interoperability gaps among stakeholders. Although blockchain has been proposed, current implementations often sacrifice regulatory compliance (e.g., GDPR) or scalability, and lack real-world validation. We propose an enhanced Hyperledger Fabric 2.5 architecture with three innovations: a modified PBFT consensus protocol achieving 1,247 TPS with fault tolerance [Formula: see text]; integration of zk-SNARKs for privacy-preserving document verification with 97.3% accuracy while ensuring GDPR compliance; and a hybrid storage model using IPFS to reduce ledger bloat by 58%. The permissioned network employs role-specific channels secured by AES-256-GCM encryption and audited via Merkle trees. In a 90-day deployment at two European border checkpoints, the system achieved a median visa approval latency of 47.8 ms, completely prevented forged documents, yielded 94% operator satisfaction, and reduced energy consumption by 62% compared to Fabric 2.4. With an overall efficiency score of [Formula: see text], our solution sets a new benchmark for secure, scalable, and compliant immigration infrastructure.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12405449 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-10235-3 | DOI Listing |
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