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RNA localization and local translation are widespread phenomena that play key roles in a plethora of cellular processes ranging from embryo patterning to general cellular functions. The traditional paradigm assigns localization elements to cis-acting RNA sequences which assemble into complexes that regulate mRNA transport and translation, and the mRNA is generally transported while remaining translationally silent. However, recent evidence has shown that the nascent protein can also play an essential role in RNA localization and can enable polysomes to control their own transport and be delivered where and when they are needed. Two such examples are reviewed: translation factories and centrosomal mRNAs. Their comparison highlights the key role of cotranslational interactions in the spatiotemporal control of protein synthesis and protein fate.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tcb.2025.08.005 | DOI Listing |
Biochem J
September 2025
Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, U.K.
RNA cap formation on RNA polymerase II transcripts is regulated by cellular signalling pathways during development and differentiation, adaptive and innate immune responses, during the cell cycle and in response to oncogene deregulation. Here, we discuss how the RNA cap methyltransferase, RNA guanine-7 methyltransferase (RNMT), functions to complete the 7-methyl-guanosine or m7G cap. The mechanisms by which RNMT is regulated by signalling pathways, co-factors and other enzymes are explored.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStem Cell Rev Rep
September 2025
Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program (STEMM), Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland.
Mutations in Delta Like Non-Canonical Notch Ligand 1 (DLK1), a paternally expressed imprinted gene, underlie central precocious puberty (CPP), yet the mechanism remains unclear. To test the hypothesis that DLK1 plays a role in gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) neuron ontogeny, 75 base pairs were deleted in both alleles of DLK1 exon 3 with CRISPR-Cas9 in human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). This line, exhibiting More than 80% loss of DLK1 protein, was differentiated into GnRH neurons by dual SMAD inhibition (dSMADi), FGF8 treatment and Notch inhibition, as previously described, however, it did not exhibit accelerated GNRH1 expression.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNucleic Acids Res
September 2025
Department of Biosciences & Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India.
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs), which are susceptible to DNA damage, depend on a robust and highly efficient DNA damage response (DDR) mechanism for their survival. However, the implications of physical force-mediated DNA damage on ESC fate remain unclear. We show that stiffness-dependent spreading of mouse ESCs (mESCs) induces DNA damage through nuclear compression, with DNA damage causing differentiation through Lamin A/C.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdv Mater
September 2025
State Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China.
Delivering therapeutics across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) remains a major challenge in ischemic stroke therapy. Ischemic stroke induces upregulation of various inflammatory membrane receptors on brain endothelial cells, offering potential entry points for receptor-mediated transcytosis. This study proposes a universal targeting strategy by employing inflammatory pathway antagonists as targeting ligands, which broadens the spectrum of available ligands beyond traditional receptor-binding molecules.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol
September 2025
Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA; Clemson University Center for Human Genetics, Greenwood, SC, USA. Electronic address:
Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), a widely used flame retardant in textiles and electronics, poses toxicological risks through both environmental and indoor exposures. Biomonitoring studies have detected significant TBBPA levels in prenatal environments, including cord blood, raising concerns about developmental impacts. Using zebrafish as a model, this study addresses critical gaps in understanding how developmental TBBPA exposures perturb regulatory pathways that govern dorsoventral patterning.
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