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This article explores the complexities of blood pressure regulation and measurement across animal species. It begins by outlining mammalian blood pressure physiology before examining known differences in birds and reptiles. The article highlights species-specific variations in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, baroreceptor pathways, and hormonal influences on vascular tone and fluid balance. Techniques for direct and indirect blood pressure measurement are discussed, with emphasis on their limitations. The article also evaluates current therapeutic options for managing hypertension in exotic animals and identifies significant knowledge gaps that must be addressed through future research.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cvex.2025.07.004 | DOI Listing |
Eye (Lond)
September 2025
Department of Anesthesiology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan city, Taiwan.
Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of preventable blindness. Although hyperglycaemia is the primary driver, other modifiable risk factors may contribute to DR development. This study investigated the association between haemoglobin levels and DR risk in adults with type 2 diabetes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Kidney Dis
September 2025
Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, NO. 20 East Yuhuangding Road, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China. Electronic address:
J Cardiol
September 2025
Department of Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Epidemiology, Disease Control, and Prevention, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan. Electronic address:
Background: Guidelines recommend biomarker-based screening for pre-heart failure (pre-HF) among at-risk populations. Although the asymptomatic nature of pre-HF necessitates proactive screening, real-world implementation remains understudied. This retrospective study analyzed data from a regional pre-HF screening initiative, integrated into annual health screenings, to evaluate: (1) the prevalence of elevated N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels, (2) associated echocardiographic findings, and (3) adherence across the screening-to-consultation pathway.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBehav Brain Res
September 2025
Department of Pharmacology of the School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, 14049-900, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil. Electronic address:
Aims: Acute restraint stress (RS) has been reported to activate the supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus (SON). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of glutamatergic neurotransmission in the SON on autonomic [mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and tail cutaneous temperature], neuroendocrine (plasma levels of corticosterone, oxytocin, and vasopressin), and behavioral responses to RS.
Methods: Male Wistar rats with bilateral SON cannulas received microinjections of NMDA or non-NMDA receptor antagonists or vehicle before restraint stress, and the effects on cardiovascular, tail temperature, hormonal, and behavioral responses were evaluated RESULTS: Microinjection of DL-AP7 or NBQX into the SON reduced MAP increases and tail temperature decreases induced by RS.
Free Radic Biol Med
September 2025
Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center. Electronic address:
Background: Excessive oxidative stress is well known to participate in the pathogenesis of hypertension. A major regulator of oxidative stress is the transcription factor Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). However, the role of Nrf2 in the pathogenesis of hypertension is not completely understood, especially at the endothelial cell level.
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