Association between haemoglobin levels and the risk of diabetic retinopathy in adults with type 2 diabetes: a retrospective cohort study using the TriNetX network.

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of preventable blindness. Although hyperglycaemia is the primary driver, other modifiable risk factors may contribute to DR development. This study investigated the association between haemoglobin levels and DR risk in adults with type 2 diabetes.

Dose-response efficacy and safety of lumateperone in bipolar depression: A preliminary meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: The optimal lumateperone dose for bipolar depression remains uncertain.

Aims: To examine its dose-response relationship for efficacy and safety.

Methods: We systematically searched major databases to 1 July 2025.

The association between cardiovascular outcomes and zinc deficiency among patients with type 2 diabetes: A retrospective cohort study.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate whether zinc deficiency (ZD) is associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the TriNetX database. Patients aged 18 years or older with T2D and zinc measurement were included.

Comparison of Rocuronium and Cisatracurium in Ophthalmic Surgeries in Association with the Incidence of Intraoperative Bradycardia- A Retrospective Study.

Purpose: Serious complications may arise during the onset and management of intraoperative bradycardia. This study aimed to investigate several factors that may reduce the incidence of intraoperative bradycardia in adult patients undergoing general anaesthesia for various ophthalmic procedures.

Patients And Methods: A total of 947 adult patients who underwent general anaesthesia for different ophthalmic surgeries in 2020 were initially included.

A retrospective analysis of combination therapy with GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors versus SGLT2 inhibitor monotherapy in patients with MASLD.

The impact of adding glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) to sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is unclear. This retrospective study compared the effect of GLP-1RA plus SGLT2i versus SGLT2i alone for MASLD. Combination therapy was associated with a lower risk of primary composite outcomes of all-cause hospitalization, all-cause mortality, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), major adverse kidney events (MAKE), and major adverse liver outcomes (MALO) (hazard ratio [HR], 0.

Trajectory of Efficacy and Safety Across Ulotaront Dose Levels in Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis.

Background: Ulotaront is an experimental antipsychotic for schizophrenia, but its optimal dose is unclear. This study aimed to evaluate dose-response relationships for efficacy and safety in people with schizophrenia.

Method: A systematic review of four databases (until January 22, 2025; INPLASY202510091) identified randomized clinical trials assessing ulotaront.

Preoperative vitamin D deficiency and postoperative delirium risk: multicenter retrospective study.

Background: To assess the impact of preoperative vitamin D deficiency (VDD) on the risk of postoperative delirium (POD) in patients undergoing musculoskeletal surgery.

Methods: This cohort study utilized the TriNetX Healthcare Commercial Organizations database. We included patients aged 50 years or older who underwent musculoskeletal surgery requiring hospital admission.

Impact of SGLT2 Inhibitors Use on Risk of Postoperative Acute Kidney Injury Following Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery: A Retrospective Study.

Background: This study investigated whether preoperative use of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is), known for their cardio-renal benefits in type 2 diabetes (T2DM), reduces postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) after metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS).

Methods: The TriNetX research network was used to analyze propensity-matched patients with T2DM who underwent MBS between 2010 and 2024. We compared patients who received SGLT2is (discontinued ≥ 1 week before surgery) with those using other antidiabetic medications.

Severe vitamin D deficiency and risk of mild cognitive impairment in patients with chronic kidney disease: A cohort study.

Although vitamin D deficiency (VDD) has been linked to cognitive decline in the general population, its impact on cognitive function in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains unclear. This retrospective cohort study analyzed data from the TriNetX Global Health Research Network database (2010-2022). Adults aged ≥50 years with CKD were categorized into VDD (25-hydroxyvitamin D < 20 ng/mL) or control (≥30 ng/mL) groups based on measurements at the index date.

Effect of sugammadex on the prevention of postoperative lung atelectasis in patients undergoing metabolic and bariatric surgery: a retrospective study.

Background: Pulmonary atelectasis is a significant complication of metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS). Sugammadex enables rapid neuromuscular blockade reversal compared to neostigmine, but its impact on atelectasis prevention remains unclear.

Methods: This retrospective multicenter study used the TriNetX database to analyze adult patients who underwent MBS between 2010 and 2024.

Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING)-Type I Interferon Signaling: Bridging Immunity and Pain.

Interferons (IFNs) are cytokines with diverse functions, possessing antiviral, antiproliferative, and immunomodulatory effects. IFN-α and IFN-β, key members of the type I interferon (IFN-I) family, are widely used in the treatment of diseases such as hepatitis and multiple sclerosis. In the nervous system, microglia, astrocytes, and neurons express IFN-I receptors.

Association between vitamin D deficiency and clinical outcome in patients with COVID-19 in the post-Omicron phase.

Background: Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) has been associated with adverse outcomes in COVID-19 patients during the early pandemic phases, but whether this association persists in the post-Omicron era remains uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the evolving relationship between VDD and COVID-19 outcomes across pandemic phases using a large healthcare database.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the TriNetX Analytics Network, analyzing propensity-matched cohorts comprising 24,236 pairs from the post-Omicron phase (June 2022-December 2023) and 22,638 pairs from the pre-Omicron phase (January 2020-December 2021).

Efficacy and safety of ketamine and esketamine for preventing opioid-induced cough: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: Opioid-induced cough (OIC) is a common side effect during anesthetic induction. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ketamine/esketamine in preventing OIC during anesthetic induction.

Methods: We systematically searched Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar from inception through December 2024 for randomized controlled trials that examined the efficacy of ketamine/esketamine in preventing OIC (Registration: INPLASY2024120102).

Dose-effect trajectory of lumateperone in schizophrenia: Evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: The optimal dose of lumateperone for treating schizophrenia remains unclear. We examined its dose-response relationship for efficacy and acceptability.

Methods: We searched major databases (e.

Impact of Bariatric Metabolic Surgery on Cardiovascular, Kidney, and Mortality Outcomes Among Adults with Obesity and Chronic Kidney Disease Across Different Time Frames.

Objective: Bariatric metabolic surgery (BMS) is an effective intervention for obesity, with proven benefits in reducing cardiovascular events and mortality. However, its impact on patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains unclear. This study aims to evaluate the long-term outcomes of BMS compared to nonsurgical management in CKD patients with obesity, focusing on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), major adverse kidney events (MAKE), and all-cause mortality.

Efficacy of dexamethasone pretreatment on prevention of opioid-induced cough during anesthetic induction: A trial-sequential meta-analysis.

Background: Opioid-induced cough (OIC) during anesthetic induction represents a significant clinical challenge with potential adverse physiological effects. Although dexamethasone has emerged as a potential preventive agent, individual studies have shown inconsistent results. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy of dexamethasone pretreatment in preventing OIC during anesthetic induction.

Vitamin D deficiency and diabetic retinopathy risk in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus: a retrospective analysis.

Background: Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) has emerged as a potential contributor to diabetic complications. This study aimed to investigate the association between VDD at the time of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) diagnosis and subsequent risk of developing diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Methods: This retrospective cohort study used data from the TriNetX Research Network to analyze adult patients newly diagnosed with T2DM between January 2020 and December 2022.

Association Between Preoperative Anemia and the Risk of Revision After Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Multi-Institutional Retrospective Study.

Background: This study investigated the association between preoperative anemia and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) revision risk at a 3-year follow-up.

Methods: We conducted a multi-institutional retrospective cohort study of patients aged ≥b50 years who underwent primary TKA between 2010 and 2019 using a federated health research network database. Patients were categorized as anemic (hemoglobin eight to 12 g/dL) or nonanemic (≥ 12 g/dL), regardless of sex, and matched 1:1 using propensity scores.

Association between SSRI use and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease and generalized anxiety disorder: A real-world cohort study.

Background And Aims: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of cardiovascular mortality, and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is highly prevalent among CAD patients, worsening cardiovascular outcomes. While selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are first-line treatments for anxiety disorders, their impact on cardiovascular prognosis in patients with CAD and GAD remains unclear.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study utilized real-world data from the TriNetX database.

Neonatal Outcomes and Neurodevelopmental Disorders Following Maternal Herpes Zoster During Pregnancy: A Nationwide Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objective: To assess the association between maternal herpes zoster (HZ) during pregnancy, either before or after 20 weeks of gestation, and adverse neonatal outcomes, as well as neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring.

Study Design: This nationwide, retrospective cohort study analyzed data from the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan between 2017 and 2020. Among 630 456 eligible singleton pregnancies, 2922 (0.

Diagnostic performance of the triglyceride-glucose index in predicting occurrence of cancer: a meta-analysis.

Objective: This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index in predicting cancer occurrence.

Method: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in Embase, Medline, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar from inception to July 2024. Observational studies reporting the diagnostic efficacy of the TyG index in predicting cancer occurrence using ROC curve analysis were included.

Clinical effectiveness of tirzepatide for patients with atrial fibrillation and type 2 diabetes: A retrospective cohort study.

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate whether tirzepatide is associated with a reduced atrial fibrillation (AF) burden in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the TriNetX database. Adults with both AF and T2D diagnosed between January 2022 and February 2025 were included.

Mortality and cardiorenal outcomes among heart failure patients with zinc deficiency: a multicenter retrospective cohort study of 8,290 patients.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the association between zinc deficiency (ZD) and the clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure (HF).

Methods: This multicenter retrospective cohort study used the TriNetX network to identify adult patients with HF between January 1, 2010, and January 31, 2025. Patients with serum zinc levels below 70 μg/dL (ZD group) were propensity score-matched to those with levels between 70 and 120 μg/dL (control group) to minimize confounding.

Impact of Vitamin D Deficiency on Short- and Long-Term Mortality in Patients Receiving Hip Fracture Surgery Under General Anesthesia: A Matched Cohort Study.

Background: Although vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is common in patients who have hip fractures, the relationship between VDD and mortality risk remains unclear.

Methods: Using a network database (2010 to 2023), we conducted a matched cohort study of adult patients undergoing hip fracture surgery under general anesthesia. Patients were stratified according to preoperative 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels into VDD (≤ 20 ng/mL) and control groups (≥ 30 ng/mL).

Association Between Preoperative COVID-19 Infection and Postoperative Outcomes in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Undergoing Metabolic Surgery: A Retrospective Analysis.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is highly prevalent in patients undergoing metabolic surgery and can complicate recovery. While OSA and COVID-19 share common pathophysiological mechanisms involving systemic inflammation and respiratory dysfunction, their combined impact on surgical outcomes remains poorly understood.

Methods: Using TriNetX data from June 2022 to December 2024, we retrospectively analyzed adult patients with OSA undergoing metabolic surgery.