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Cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) have become popular as immunotherapies triggering an immune response achieved via their activation of the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING) pathway. Many analogs of 2'3'-cGAMP, c-di-GMP, and c-di-AMP have been developed and shown as effective cancer vaccines and immuno-stimulators for the induction of both the adaptive and innate immune systems. Unfortunately, these CDNs have been dosed via intratumor route, which is not convenient, especially for tumors that are difficult to reach. We recently introduced endo-S-CDNs as potent STING agonists but in our prior report we did not evaluate the in vivo efficacies of these novel STING agonists. Herein, we conduct a more extensive structure activity relationship study as well as in vivo evaluation of our best endo-S-CDNs. We demonstrate that endo-S-CDNs can be dosed via subcutaneous route to provide robust protection against MC38 and B16-F10 tumor models.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsbiomedchemau.5c00070 | DOI Listing |
Biomaterials
September 2025
Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China. Electronic address:
The stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway represents a promising target in cancer immunotherapy. However, the clinical translation of cyclic dinucleotide (CDN)-based STING agonists remains hindered by insufficient formation of functional CDN-STING complexes. This critical bottleneck arises from two interdependent barriers: inefficient cytosolic CDN delivery and tumor-specific STING silencing via DNA methyltransferase-mediated promoter hypermethylation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTalanta
August 2025
Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand. Electronic address:
A rapid and automated determination of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) is proposed and applied to the evaluation of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency in real samples. To this end, a sequential injection analyzer with electrochemical detection (SIA-ECD) is proposed with 0.1 mol L Tris-HCl (pH 8.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) and other short oligonucleotides play fundamental roles in immune system activation in organisms ranging from bacteria to humans. In response, viruses use phosphodiesterase-mediated oligonucleotide cleavage for immune evasion, a strategy whose diversity has not yet been explored. We used a canonical 2H phosphodiesterase (2H PDE) structure-based search of prokaryotic and eukaryotic viral sequences to identify an exceptional diversity of 2H PDEs across the virome, including enzymes not detectable with sequence search methods alone.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdv Exp Med Biol
August 2025
The Laboratory of Physiological Hygiene and Exercise Science, School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Hyperacetylation of proteins represents a stress to aged organisms. Increased consumption and loss of NAD+ homeostasis underlie a major mechanism for the disturbed acetylation/deacetylation balance during aging. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a versatile chemical compound serving as a coenzyme in metabolic pathways and as a substrate to support the enzymatic functions of sirtuins (SIRTs), poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), and cyclic ADP ribose hydrolase (CD38).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Bio Med Chem Au
August 2025
James Tarpo Jr. and Margaret Tarpo Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States.
Cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) have become popular as immunotherapies triggering an immune response achieved via their activation of the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING) pathway. Many analogs of 2'3'-cGAMP, c-di-GMP, and c-di-AMP have been developed and shown as effective cancer vaccines and immuno-stimulators for the induction of both the adaptive and innate immune systems. Unfortunately, these CDNs have been dosed via intratumor route, which is not convenient, especially for tumors that are difficult to reach.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF