Accuracy of robot-assisted dental implant surgery and its clinical influencing factors: a retrospective case series of 100 patients.

Background: This retrospective study aimed to investigate the accuracy of robot-assisted implant surgery and identify the factors influencing it.

Methods: Patients with single or multiple missing teeth were enrolled in the robot-assisted implant surgery. The patients underwent cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) using a marker. Virtual implant placement and a drilling sequence were planned prior to surgery. The robotic arm automatically performed the implant osteotomy and placement under the surgeon’s supervision. A postoperative CBCT scan was performed to evaluate deviations between the planned and placed implants.

Results: A total of 152 implants were successfully inserted into the jawbones of 100 patients without any adverse surgical events. However, two implants were observed to fail early (< 1 month). An overall coronal deviation of 0.51 ± 0.02 mm, apical deviation of 0.53 ± 0.02 mm, and angular deviation of 1.05 ± 0.05° were observed. The angular deviation of the first nearest site in the free-end position was significantly lower than that of the second or third nearest site ( = 0.043). Additionally, the coronal and apical deviations were significantly decreased with the accumulation of clinical experience ( = 0.014 and  = 0.001, respectively). However, no significant differences were found among jaw location, position, implant diameter, or length ( > 0.05).

Conclusions: Robot-assisted dental implant surgery resulted in an accurate placement performance. Further studies are required to clarify long-term effects.

Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12903-025-06740-6.