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Interactions between individuals are at the foundation of every community. Furthermore, multicellular behaviors can emerge when individuals come together. Microbes-bacteria, fungi, archaea, and parasites-can engage in multicellular behaviors, which help with population dispersal, infections, and protection from environmental threats. A critical interaction in collectives is determining whether the interacting neighbor is a sibling (kin) or a nonsibling (nonkin). Multiple (molecular) ways exist to achieve kin recognition and discrimination, especially when fitness is essential. This review considers four bacterial and eukaryotic microorganisms that engage in collective migration and where recognition is known or implied as part of their emergent behavior. This comparative analysis considers shared themes about recognition behaviors among these social microbes, as well as open questions. As more is learned about why kin recognition occurs in different species, a greater understanding will emerge about its evolutionary history and the potential for exogenous control of microbial social groups.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-micro-051724-092527 | DOI Listing |
J Anim Ecol
September 2025
Centre for Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation, School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
Inbreeding and the associated increase in homozygosity and potential accumulation of deleterious alleles may reduce fitness in a process known as inbreeding depression. Mechanisms to mitigate reproduction between close relatives, ranging from pre-mating mate choice to post-mating gamete selection, have evolved across taxa. In external fertilisers like Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), where females have limited control over paternity, mechanisms of inbreeding avoidance can be expected to evolve at the gamete level.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Particip Med
August 2025
Department of Emergency Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, 1 Hospital Drive, Outram Road, Singapore, 169608, Singapore, 65 62223322.
Background: Launched in January 2022, the SingHealth Patient Advocacy Network at the Department of Emergency Medicine (SPAN@DEM) represents the first emergency department-specific advocacy group in Singapore. This initiative marks a significant advancement in local patient advocacy efforts because it employs a shared collaborative model to address the needs and concerns of patients within the unique context of the emergency department environment. SPAN@DEM emerged in recognition of the limitations of existing cluster-level advocacy groups, which are inadequate to address specific challenges inherent to the fast-paced, high-pressure nature of the emergency department.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntegr Zool
August 2025
School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
The social brain hypothesis predicts that the relative size of specific brain regions is driven by the cognitive capacity required to manage complex (social) situations. Spiders are intriguing models to test this hypothesis, as sociality is rare in this usually solitary and aggressive group. Here, we used microCT to compare the central nervous system and brain volumes between social and solitary females of the species in two taxonomic groups, huntsman and crab spiders.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnnu Rev Microbiol
August 2025
Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA;
Interactions between individuals are at the foundation of every community. Furthermore, multicellular behaviors can emerge when individuals come together. Microbes-bacteria, fungi, archaea, and parasites-can engage in multicellular behaviors, which help with population dispersal, infections, and protection from environmental threats.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Plant Biol
August 2025
Landscape Architecture and Horticulture Faculty, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650224, China.
Background: species are prized for their ornamental and economic value, yet their low hybrid compatibility remains a critical challenge, potentially linked to stigma recognition mechanisms. The stigma, as the primary site for pollen interaction, undergoes dynamic developmental changes that lay the foundation for successful pollination. However, the molecular mechanisms governing stigma maturation and subsequent pollen recognition are poorly characterised.
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