Inflammation reprogramming and immunomodulation: Next-generation treatments for atherosclerosis.

Cell Rep Med

Department of Medicine (Cardiology), the Marc and Ruti Bell Program in Vascular Biology, and the Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.

Published: August 2025


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Article Abstract

The current generation of highly successful atherosclerosis treatments, such as low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol reduction, blood pressure management, and smoking cessation, has largely focused on ameliorating factors perceived to drive incident disease and its complications. The adverse contributions of these factors have typically been identified through epidemiological studies. The therapeutic strategies that arose in response focused on risk factors for disease development and tended to overlook the fact that patients already have established disease, by the time of presentation. However, by capitalizing on contemporary biological knowledge and technologies, it is becoming increasingly possible to shift from a model based on population-derived risk factor management to next-generation treatments (including monoclonal antibodies, small interfering RNA [siRNA], mRNA, epigenetic reprogramming, and gene editing) for atherosclerosis that are tailored to patient-level disease processes, informed by mechanistic characterization, offer potential to reverse or regress disease, and incorporate systems-level interventions that extend beyond the atherosclerotic plaque.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.102288DOI Listing

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