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The contact pattern between gear teeth is one of the most significant indicators of proper gear operation. This paper presents an analysis of the contact pattern of gears with a sinusoidal profile. The gear geometry was obtained through direct solid simulation of the machining process. Generally, analytical, numerical, and experimental methods are used for contact pattern analysis in gearboxes. This article presents contact pattern investigations using numerical methods and a novel experimental method that utilizes pressure measurement films. A proprietary program using image analysis was used for the contact pattern analysis. The numerical studies utilized the Finite Element Method (FEM) and the CAD method. The results obtained from the presented methods show good convergence.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma18143230 | DOI Listing |
J R Soc Interface
September 2025
Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
In temperate regions, respiratory viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 are better transmitted in winter than in summer. Understanding how the weather is associated with SARS-CoV-2 transmissibility can enhance projections of COVID-19 incidence and improve estimation of the effectiveness of control measures. During the pandemic, transmissibility was tracked by the reproduction number .
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiomed Mater
September 2025
Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, , Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, P.O. Box 14115-154, Iran, Tehran, Tehran Province, 14115-154, Iran (the Islamic Republic of).
It is essential to develop new strategies for wound treatment and skin reconstruction, particularly by scaffolds that replicate the structure and function of native skin. A bilayer scaffold was developed using three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting, based on a uniform chitosan-based formulation for both layers, maintaining material uniformity while offering structural support and promoting cell adhesion. The upper chitosan layer, embedded with NHEK-Neo, is stiffer and mimics the epidermis, while the softer lower layer contains embedded HFFs and HFSCs, mimicking the dermis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Colloid Interface Sci
September 2025
State Key Laboratory of Hydro Science and Engineering, and Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China. Electronic address:
Hypothesis: On highly cleaned planar surfaces submerged in highly cleaned water, flat surface nanobubbles with an angle of attachment of ∼15 are observed - never on engineering surfaces submerged in plain water, though here unidentified cavitation nuclei are always present and cause low tensile strength.
Experiments: In the present study, surface nanobubbles are generated by standard experimental techniques on a polished steel surface, and we find that the shape and the angles of attachment of the bubbles are influenced by the local substrate topography. These observations align with the theory of non-adsorbed liquid zones, which explains a surface nanobubble as a bubble with a skin of contamination molecules, which bond along the bubble rim at a contact angle of ∼14.
J Colloid Interface Sci
August 2025
Research Centre of Ecology & Environment for Coastal Area and Deep Sea, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Ecological Security and Green Development, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou),
Hypothesis: Gas hydrate formation in sediments is influenced by the availability of gas-water interfacial areas, which governs gas-water interactions. The surface wettability of sediment particles is expected to affect the spatial distribution of water within the pore space, thereby altering the extent of gas-liquid contact. Consequently, by tuning the wettability heterogeneity of the sediment, the spatial distribution of pore water can be regulated, which in turn influences the gas-water interactions and the kinetics of gas hydrate formation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTurk J Pediatr
September 2025
Division of Allergy and Asthma, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye.
Animal allergens, particularly those from cats, dogs, and horses, are significant risk factors for the development of allergic diseases in childhood. Managing animal allergies requires allergen avoidance and, when this is not feasible, specific immunotherapy. Patient history remains the cornerstone of diagnosis, providing the foundation for diagnostic algorithms.
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