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Marine polysaccharides are widely available sustainable renewable macromolecules, which have attracted considerable attention owing to their enhanced biocompatibility, biodegradability, noncytotoxic, nonimmunogenic properties, and close similarity to the native cellular microenvironment of tissues and organs. Herein, a comprehensive overview of the main sources and properties of most studied cationic, anionic, and neutral marine-origin polysaccharides, their main chemical functionalization strategies, as well as their processing into advanced biofunctional materials/devices is provided. Several recent examples are given on the bottom-up processing of marine-origin polysaccharide-based biomaterials in the form of nano-/microparticles and capsules, nanofibers, thin films, membranes, hydrogels, cryogels, and (bio)inks to be used as high added-value antimicrobial coatings, adhesives, and wound dressings, or in food packaging, cosmetics, controlled drug delivery, disease modeling, or tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The main challenges hampering the clinical translation and commercialization of most marine-origin polysaccharide-based biomaterials and devices, and future perspectives in the field are also discussed.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.4c01682 | DOI Listing |
Biomacromolecules
August 2025
CICECO─Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
Marine polysaccharides are widely available sustainable renewable macromolecules, which have attracted considerable attention owing to their enhanced biocompatibility, biodegradability, noncytotoxic, nonimmunogenic properties, and close similarity to the native cellular microenvironment of tissues and organs. Herein, a comprehensive overview of the main sources and properties of most studied cationic, anionic, and neutral marine-origin polysaccharides, their main chemical functionalization strategies, as well as their processing into advanced biofunctional materials/devices is provided. Several recent examples are given on the bottom-up processing of marine-origin polysaccharide-based biomaterials in the form of nano-/microparticles and capsules, nanofibers, thin films, membranes, hydrogels, cryogels, and (bio)inks to be used as high added-value antimicrobial coatings, adhesives, and wound dressings, or in food packaging, cosmetics, controlled drug delivery, disease modeling, or tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Biol Macromol
June 2025
Pharmaceutical Engineering Technology Research Center, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China; National Center for Anti-cancer Natural Medicine Engineering, Harbin, China. Electronic address:
Marine-derived polysaccharides have garnered considerable attention in recent years owing to their distinctive molecular architectures and a broad spectrum of biological activities. The structural complexity of these polysaccharides encompasses not only their primary structure but also higher-order conformations, including secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures. Cutting-edge analytical techniques, such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), mass spectrometry (MS), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), enable comprehensive characterization of these polysaccharides, focusing on parameters like molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, and glycosidic linkage types.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiomater Sci
June 2025
CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
Hydrogels formed through phase separation during the complexation of oppositely charged polymers have unique properties, including fast self-assembly, hierarchical microstructures, and tunable properties. These features make them highly attractive materials for various biomedical applications, such as drug delivery, protective coatings, and surface adhesives. Notably, injectable polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) supramolecular hydrogels stand out for their minimally invasive administration and reduced trauma and side effects, providing attractive alternatives to covalent hydrogels, which are constrained by the irreversibility of their crosslinks, limiting their versatility and broader applicability.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Biol Macromol
May 2025
Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China. Electronic address:
Fucoxanthin (FX), a marine-origin carotenoid, possesses various physiological activities. However, FX has instability and low water solubility. Encapsulation using nanoparticles effectively addresses these challenges.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnzyme Microb Technol
June 2025
Matís Ohf, Food and Biotech R&D, Vínlandsleið 12, Reykjavík 113, Iceland; University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland. Electronic address:
Seaweed biomass is an underutilized resource that is rich in polysaccharides, including xylan. Seaweed polysaccharides could be used as a feedstock in industrial microbiology and and for production of prebiotic oligosaccharides and rare monosaccharides - processes that would benefit from the availability of robust enzymes that break down the seaweed polysaccharides. The present study aimed to identify genes encoding endo-xylanases in bacterial genomes and metagenomes sourced from marine thermal environments, and to characterize the respective enzymes.
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