Nanodermatology.

Nanodermatology has been an emerging area of research and drug development in the last two decades. Nanodermatology lies at the intersection of nanotechnology, chemical engineering, biophysics, and pharmacology. Increasing research has yielded potential benefits of nanotechnology in the treatment of various skin conditions via enhanced transdermal drug delivery. Nanoparticles, defined as particles ranging from 1 to 1000 nanometers, have been more frequently explored for their potential role in targeted drug delivery systems. Nanocarriers, which include liposomes, ethosomes, and vesicle carriers, have been increasingly investigated to improve efficacy of various drugs via enhanced delivery to the target site. Many dermatologic conditions are preferentially treated with topical formulations to locally target the affected area and reduce systemic absorption, but these formulations are limited in their penetration. The ability of topical formulations to effectively deliver active ingredients to the target site is uncertain, therefore nanoparticles have been increasingly investigated as an approach to boost drug delivery to the deeper layers of the skin, improve absorption, and decrease adverse effects. Enhanced drug delivery utilizing nanoparticles has been successfully trialed for treatment of psoriasis, vitiligo, acne vulgaris, and atopic dermatitis in many research studies, however more investigation is needed prior to utilization in humans.