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How animal morphogenesis is coupled with growth is not yet well understood. A new study explains how the fly retina develops, showing an initial phase of tissue curvature and planar expansion, and a second phase of thickening associated with growth along the apical-basal axis.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2025.06.021 | DOI Listing |
PLoS Biol
September 2025
National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, India.
Morphogenetic information arises from a combination of genetically encoded cellular properties and emergent cellular behaviors. The spatio-temporal implementation of this information is critical to ensure robust, reproducible tissue shapes, yet the principles underlying its organization remain unknown. We investigated this principle using the mouse auditory epithelium, the organ of Corti (OC).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCell Signal
September 2025
School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia. Electronic address:
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a pro-angiogenic molecule, supports blood vessel growth during wound healing but also drives pathological neovascularization in blinding eye diseases such as neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). Dimethyl fumarate (DMFu), an FDA-approved drug for multiple sclerosis, has previously shown promising anti-inflammatory properties in retinal pigment epithelium, a crucial structure disrupted by nAMD. Here, we extend the multi-phenotypic therapeutic potential of DMFu by discerning the anti-angiogenic capabilities of DMFu in choroidal and retinal endothelial cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway is essential for the patterning, growth, and morphogenesis of many tissues. During early eye development, Shh is critical for the formation of the two optic vesicles, which give rise to the retina, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), and optic stalk. It also regulates the balance between cell proliferation and differentiation during retinal histogenesis, a key process in shaping the cellular architecture of the mature retina.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVirulence
December 2025
State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
causes severe diarrhea in humans and animals. Mucin-like glycoproteins play a critical role in parasite attachment and invasion and therefore serve as potential protective antigens against reinfection. Muc25 is a highly polymorphic mucin that has been associated with differences in host infectivity in comparative genomic analyses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEMBO J
August 2025
Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Formation of skin epithelial appendages like hair follicles requires hedgehog (Hh) signal reception, its conduction through the primary cilium and activation of Gli transcription factors. How Hh signalling induces cell-type-specific responses through Gli transcription factors in hair follicle stem cells and their cilia-dependence remains unclear. Here, we use conditional mouse mutants to genetically dissect the roles of Gli2 and Gli3 transcription factors and cilia in the skin epithelium.
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