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Dextran-based vehicles have emerged as promising tools for nucleic acid transfection due to their biocompatibility, solubility, abundance, ease of modification, and cost-effectiveness. This review highlights the advantages of dextran over other viral and non-viral vectors, emphasizing its versatility in chemical modifications, including acetalation, oxidation, and carboxymethylation. These modifications enhance gene material stability, circulation time, transfection efficiency, lysosomal escape, and responsiveness to stimuli while enabling targeted delivery via ligand and peptide attachment. Dextran has been applied in various delivery systems, from intravenous to localized ones, serving as a carrier or stabilizer. The review examines the mechanisms of dextran's interaction with genetic material, the effects of its modifications on transfection, and the roles of diverse dextran-based systems, including micro, nano, conjugated, hybrid, and localized designs. Also, promising applications in disease treatment and gene editing are discussed, along with challenges, limitations, and future directions for dextran-based gene delivery systems.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.145980 | DOI Listing |
Fundam Clin Pharmacol
October 2025
Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
This review highlights the integration of drug repurposing and nanotechnology-driven delivery strategies as innovative approaches to enhance the antifungal activity of statins against mucosal candidiasis, providing a framework for future translational research and clinical application. The rising prevalence of antifungal resistance and virulence factors of Candida albicans underscore the limitations of current therapies. Statins, commonly used as lipid-lowering agents, have emerged as attractive repurposed drug candidates due to their ability to interfere with fungal ergosterol biosynthesis and Ras-mediated signaling pathways.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Rev Urol
September 2025
Department of Genitourinary Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA.
Low-grade non-muscle invasive bladder cancer is a specific category of bladder cancer with a favourable prognosis; however, its management presents several challenges. The risk of stage progression is very low, but approximately half of patients will experience recurrence within the first 5 years after diagnosis. This high propensity for recurrence, coupled with the threat of progression, mandates ongoing surveillance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNature
September 2025
Natural History Sciences, IIL, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
Carbonaceous asteroids are the source of the most primitive meteorites and represent leftover planetesimals that formed from ice and dust in the outer Solar System and may have delivered volatiles to the terrestrial planets. Understanding the aqueous activity of asteroids is key to deciphering their thermal, chemical and orbital evolution, with implications for the origin of water on the terrestrial planets. Analyses of the objects, in particular pristine samples returned from asteroid Ryugu, have provided detailed information on fluid-rock interactions within a few million years after parent-body formation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNature
September 2025
Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Würzburg, Germany.
Bacteriophages are the most abundant entities on earth and exhibit vast genetic and phenotypic diversity. Exploitation of this largely unexplored molecular space requires identification and functional characterization of genes that act at the phage-host interface. So far, this has been restricted to few model phage-host systems that are amenable to genetic manipulation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBr J Anaesth
September 2025
MSk Lab, Imperial College London, London, UK; Theatres and Anaesthetics, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK. Electronic address:
Background: The mechanisms contributing to epidural-related maternal hyperthermia remain unclear. One explanation is that blockade of cholinergic sympathetic nerves prevents active vasodilation and sweating. However, it is not known how labour epidural analgesia affects cutaneous sympathetic function.
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