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Tryptanthrin (tryp) is being studied as a lead compound with pharmacological activity that is found in nature. To date, synthetic and pharmacological studies on trypanthrin have focused on substitution patterns on the A and D rings, while structural modifications of the A ring system have yet to be explored synthetically. In this study, we synthesized a tryp derivative containing a five-membered heterocyclic ring (thiazole and thiophene) on ring A using solid-phase synthesis. In the synthesis, two-site oxidation of sulfide and benzylic positions using an oxidant was successfully performed. A total of 53 derivatives were synthesized, and the yield per step in six steps was 46-96%. In addition, it was observed that oxidizing agents such as FeCl and HIO caused oxidation of the Merrifield resin, leading to damage of the resin. This study demonstrates the feasibility of introducing diverse five-membered heterocycles into natural product frameworks.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.5c01200 | DOI Listing |
J Am Chem Soc
September 2025
National Engineering Research Center of Lower-Carbon Catalysis Technology, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
Zeolite-confined Rh-based catalysts have emerged as promising heterogeneous candidates for olefin hydroformylation. However, they face challenges of reactant- and product-induced Rh leaching and aggregation. Herein, zeolite framework-anchored Rh-(O-Zn) sites were designed and are shown to have remarkable activity and stability for gas-phase ethylene hydroformylation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Phys Chem Lett
September 2025
Institute of multidisciplinary research for advanced materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan.
High-entropy oxides (HEOs) are attracting significant attention owing to their compositional tunability and structural robustness. However, the identification of specific compositional combinations that yield a single-phase structure in HEOs remains unclear owing to the immense combinatorial complexity inherent in multielement systems. This study adopts a materials informatics approach that integrates experimental synthesis data with machine learning to identify key compositional factors enabling single-phase HEO formation via solid-state synthesis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOrg Lett
September 2025
Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
The synthesis of tirzepatide relies heavily on solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS), a process that is both costly and time-consuming. In this paper, a novel soluble liquid-phase assisted (LPPS) strategy for the efficient synthesis of tirzepatide is presented. The efficacy of the method is based on the distinct solubility properties of the soluble tag, which enables high yield synthesis while significantly reducing wastage of amino acids and solvents.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRSC Adv
September 2025
Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), fatty acids with multiple unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds, constitute a crucial class of lipids. While the vast diversity of PUFA species arises from their structural variations, most of them are poorly investigated due to their limited availability. Here, we utilize solid-phase synthesis of PUFAs, which we have recently developed, to construct a PUFA library.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFood Sci Nutr
September 2025
Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science Hampton University Hampton Virginia USA.
Lemon balm (), a perennial herb belonging to the Lamiaceae family, is widely recognized for its medicinal properties and therapeutic benefits. This review offers a detailed exploration of the botanical features, phytochemical composition, and pharmacological uses of , highlighting key bioactive compounds such as phenolic acids (including rosmarinic and caffeic acids), flavonoids, essential oils (such as citral and citronellal), and triterpenoids (ursolic and oleanolic acids). Advanced extraction techniques, such as ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), and matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD), have greatly improved the efficiency of extraction, the preservation of bioactivity, and the sustainability of acquiring these bioactive compounds.
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