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With the rapid development of Internet of Things (IoT) and bioscience technology, wearable smart devices are developing toward advanced trends such as flexibility, convenience and environmental-friendliness. Poly (p-styrenesulfonic acid) (PSS), as a common template and dispersant, is indispensable in the polymerization of conductive polymers. However, the doping amount of PSS has a significant effect on the electrical conductivity of the polymer. Herein, different molar quantities of PSS were used to assist the polymerization of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) monomer in a horseradish peroxidase/hydrogen peroxide (HRP/HO) low-temperature system to obtain conductive finishing solutions with more excellent electrical properties. Then, the polyester nonwoven fabric was immersed in the conductive finishing solution, and when the addition ratio of EDOT and PSS was 1:2, the conductive performance was optimal (3.27 KΩ cm). Finally, the conductive fabric was assembled into a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor, which can transmit Morse code in the form of single-parameter (pressure response or temperature response) or collaboration. Overall, this research has great potential for production of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT)-based composites and their applications in smart wearable device.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym17131816 | DOI Listing |
Polymers (Basel)
August 2025
Institute of Biology and Chemistry, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou 350118, China.
Wearable conductive hydrogel sensors, which are highly convenient, have attracted attention for their great potential in human motion monitoring and smart healthcare. However, the self-adhesive properties, sensing performance, and stability of traditional hydrogels are not ideal, which seriously hinders their use in monitoring and diagnosing joints throughout the human body. Here, CaCl is used to crosslink PVA to improve its self-adhesive properties, and it is then combined with a CNT conductive network.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Biol Macromol
September 2025
Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130022, PR China. Electronic address:
Conductive hydrogels that integrate mechanical robustness, antimicrobial activity, and sensing capabilities are ideal for wearable health monitoring. However, conventional hydrogels often sacrifice electrical conductivity for mechanical flexibility and exhibit limited antimicrobial effectiveness. To address these challenges, we developed a multifunctional hydrogel system utilizing a water-glycerol binary solvent, comprising carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and acrylic acid, reinforced with gum arabic and further enhanced with silica/tannic acid/silver ions nanocomposites (SiO-TA@Ag).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdv Sci (Weinh)
August 2025
School of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
The rapid development of flexible and wearable technologies urgently requires high-performance and compatible flexible electrodes. Silver nanowires (AgNWs) are considered a promising conductive material, but their inherent structural drawbacks significantly hinder their widespread application. Here, an innovative and facile strategy is employed to simultaneously enhance the electrical and optical properties of AgNWs by precisely tuning their microstructure.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Appl Mater Interfaces
August 2025
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
The demand for flexible sensors in wearable electronics, health monitoring, and other fields has driven the innovative development of ionogel materials. However, traditional ionogels face challenges such as ionic liquid leakage, insufficient mechanical properties, and difficulty in special structural design by facile methods. This study designs a photocurable ink containing the polymerizable ionic monomer [BVIM]Br, the multifunctional thiol pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-mercaptopropionate), and the cross-linking agent poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJMIR Hum Factors
August 2025
Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 1890 North Revere Court, Aurora, CO, 80045, United States, 1 3037245138.
Background: Decision aids (DAs) are important tools that support shared decision-making (SDM) between clinicians and patients, enabling patients to be more informed and engaged in decisions regarding their care. The use of DAs can increase patient knowledge, reduce decisional regret, and engage the clinician and patient in meaningful dialog. Despite proven effectiveness in enhancing patient-centered care, a gap remains in clinician use of DAs.
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