Cellulose and gum arabic based nanocomposite hydrogel sensors for health monitoring and emergency medical signaling.

Conductive hydrogels that integrate mechanical robustness, antimicrobial activity, and sensing capabilities are ideal for wearable health monitoring. However, conventional hydrogels often sacrifice electrical conductivity for mechanical flexibility and exhibit limited antimicrobial effectiveness. To address these challenges, we developed a multifunctional hydrogel system utilizing a water-glycerol binary solvent, comprising carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and acrylic acid, reinforced with gum arabic and further enhanced with silica/tannic acid/silver ions nanocomposites (SiO-TA@Ag). The interactions among CMC, gum arabic, and the synergistic nanocomposite particles, along with the polymer networks formed by hydrogen-bonded SiO-TA@Ag nanoparticles, endow the hydrogels with exceptional mechanical properties (tensile strength >0.8 MPa, elongation >6100 %). The SiO-TA@Ag nanoparticles impart high electrical conductivity (0.46 S/m), it demonstrates stable and acceptable sensitivity (GF = 1.31) in the low-strain range (1-200 %) pertinent to target applications like motion sensing, and biocompatibility (> 95 %). This hydrogel can be worn for extended periods and is effective in preventing bacterial colonization. The hydrogel-based wearable sensor not only responds to human joint movements but also transmits programmable Morse code communication signals through resistance change, thereby facilitating smart healthcare. This dual-mode operation enables continuous health tracking and emergency communication. This research pioneers a hydrogel platform for integrated monitoring and communication, advancing the development of personalized healthcare and telemedicine assistance systems.