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This article presents an overview of various nanoplasmonics biosensors and their diverse applications, focusing on recent developments in our laboratory. We describe the versatility and effectiveness of different plasmonics-active platforms, ranging from solid substrates to adaptable nanoparticles like gold nanostars and nanorattles. The "Inverse Molecular Sentinel" (iMS) biosensing technology uses surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) to detect nucleotide biomarkers associated with diseases ranging from acute infections to several types of cancer. We have also developed SERS-based nanochip systems capable of detecting DNA targets related to infectious disease biomarkers such as HIV, malaria, and dengue, promising advancements in global health diagnostics. Further, nanorattle-based biosensors are designed as "lab-in-a-stick" devices for rapid head and neck cancer diagnosis. Other technologies include plasmonics-enhanced lateral flow immunoassay systems, smartphone-based biosensing, and implantable biosensors or "smart tattoo" systems. These nanoplasmonics biosensors open new frontiers to rapid, simple, and effective detection systems for biomedical diagnostics.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2024.117973 | DOI Listing |
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces
September 2025
Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
Integrating semiconductor nanowires with a nanoplasmonic metal surface substrate enables a real-time photocurrent response, offering a promising immunosensing platform. However, achieving one-step biorecognition detection of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) biomarker remains a challenge. Herein, we present the development of an antenna-engaged nanowire-inspired porous heterostructure comprising polydopamine-functionalized titanium dioxide nanowires integrated with an Au plasmonic layer (PDA/TNW/Au-PL) for ultrasensitive immunosensors under homemade white light-emitting diodes (LEDs).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNanomaterials (Basel)
July 2025
Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Natural Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
Exosomes are nanoscale extracellular vesicles (EVs) that carry biomolecular signatures reflective of their parent cells, making them powerful tools for non-invasive diagnostics and therapeutic monitoring. Despite their potential, clinical application is hindered by challenges such as low abundance, heterogeneity, and the complexity of biological samples. To address these limitations, plasmonic biosensing technologies-particularly propagating surface plasmon resonance (PSPR), localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-have been developed to enable label-free, highly sensitive, and multiplexed detection at the single-vesicle level.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Nano
August 2025
Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, United States.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a crucial role in intercellular communication, signaling pathways, and disease pathogenesis by transporting biomolecules such as DNA, RNA, proteins, and lipids derived from their cells of origin, and they have demonstrated substantial potential in clinical applications. Their clinical significance underscores the need for sensitive methods to fully harness their diagnostic potential. In this comprehensive review, we explore EV heterogeneity related to biogenesis, structure, content, origin, sample type, and function roles; the use of EVs as disease biomarkers; and the evolving landscape of EV measurement for clinical diagnostics, highlighting the progression from bulk measurement to single vesicle analysis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Mol Sci
July 2025
Optical Bio-Microsystems Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H3G 1M8, Canada.
Cancer diagnosis requires alternative techniques that allow for early, non-invasive, or minimally invasive identification. Traditional methods, like tissue biopsies, are highly invasive and can be traumatic for patients. Liquid biopsy, a less invasive option, detects cancer biomarkers in body fluids such as blood and urine.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Sens
July 2025
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 621301, Taiwan.
The highly prevalent single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP, rs671) of the aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) gene in Asian populations instigates various human pathologies and thus accentuates the urgent need for effective diagnostic tools. In this study, we present an ultrasensitive biosensing method by a combination of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas12a with the fiber optic nanogold-linked sorbent assay (FONLISA) for precise SNP identification. This method leverages the sequence-specific recognition capability of the CRISPR/Cas system and the ultrahigh sensitivity via the dual signal enhancement mechanisms by integrating the trans-cleavage mechanism of Cas12a to amplify the signal from an activity reporter and the subsequent waveguide-enhanced nanoplasmonic absorption by a signaling reporter.
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