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This study was conducted to evaluate and verify the improved bioavailability, as determined by the plasma concentrations of lutein and zeaxanthin, of the test supplement, XanMax® 2002 plus LuZeAbility™, as compared to the reference supplement, XanMax® 2002. For this purpose, this study was designed as a randomized, double-blind, two-group, two-period cross-over clinical trial research. A total of 24 male subjects participated in the clinical trial. They were randomized 1:1 into group 1 or 2 to consume two types of supplements in two separate periods. This study aimed to propose and demonstrate that the bioavailability and the plasma concentrations of lutein and zeaxanthin in the test supplement were significantly higher (110-132.8%) than in the reference supplement in all consecutive periods, such as 12 to 72 h after intake and at the time of maximum concentration. These results are expected to strengthen macular pigment optical density levels, ultimately providing a safe and effective intervention for comprehensively promoting eye health. Therefore, the findings of this study have significant pharmacokinetic implications and offer valid theoretical and practical insights for both academic research and the industrial development in the supplement market.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2025.k.0060 | DOI Listing |
J Nutr
September 2025
Health and Kinesiology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL; Personalized Nutrition Initia
Background: Arterial stiffness, assessed via carotid femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), is a marker of vascular aging that may contribute to cognitive decline. Serum carotenoids, with antioxidant properties, may mitigate these effects, but their role in moderating neurovascular-cognitive relationships remains unclear.
Objective: This study examined: (1) associations between cfPWV and executive function, (2) the contribution of serum carotenoids in predicting cfPWV, and (3) whether carotenoids moderate the relationship between cfPWV and executive function.
Exp Eye Res
September 2025
Vision Sciences Laboratory, Behavioral and Brain Sciences Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA. Electronic address:
Macular pigments (MP), composed of lutein, zeaxanthin and meso-zeaxanthin, accumulate in the human fovea and selectively absorb short-wavelength light, potentially influencing spatial vision. This study investigated the relationship between macular pigment optical density (MPOD) and fine spatial resolution across different wavelengths under conditions subject to light scatter. Sixty healthy participants (mean age = 22.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCell Rep Med
August 2025
Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. Electronic address:
The detailed mechanisms underlying the regulatory significance of dietary components in modulating anti-tumor immunity remain largely unknown. Here, we apply a co-culture-based screening approach using a blood nutrient compound library and identify zeaxanthin (ZEA), a dietary carotenoid pigment found in many fruits and vegetables and known for its role in eye health, as an immunomodulator that enhances the cytotoxicity of CD8 T cells against tumor cells. Oral supplementation with ZEA, but not its structural isomer lutein (LUT), enhances anti-tumor immunity in vivo.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Mol Sci
August 2025
Department of General and Paediatric Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, Chmielna 1 Str., 20-079 Lublin, Poland.
There is growing interest in the use of natural plant-derived compounds, such as polyphenols (including curcumin), flavonoids, silymarin, anthocyanins, lutein, and zeaxanthin, for the treatment of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). These substances exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and protective effects on retinal cells, contributing to the preservation of retinal integrity by modulating the key pathogenic mechanisms of AMD, including oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and pathological neovascularization. Consequently, they hold potential to support conventional therapeutic approaches and slow disease progression.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Clin Nutr
August 2025
Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) prevention is a public health priority, yet the impact of dietary carotenoids on cognitive decline, particularly in APOE-ε4 carriers, remains unclear.
Objective: To examine whether the APOE-ε4 genotype modifies the relationship between blood carotenoid levels and global cognition.
Methods: This study was conducted within the Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) trial, a three-year randomized controlled trial comparing the effects of the MIND diet with usual diet on global cognition in older adults.