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Article Abstract
Pyrite within waste rock piles generates acid mine drainage upon precipitation, posing a significant environmental risk. In this study, spectral induced polarization (SIP) technique was employed at the field scale to delineate the contaminant source in a 25 m-long waste rock pile site (117.76°E, 28.99°N) with decimeter-level resolution. Laboratory SIP tests and microscopic analyses were performed to elucidate the dynamic geochemical mechanisms. Pyrite was identified as the primary acid-generating source and polarizable unit within the waste rock pile in this study. Complex conductivity profiles delineated an active pyrite oxidation hotspot, a preferential flow path and a layer of vadose region. Based on the mapped typical locations, the life cycle of pyrite in a waste rock site was revealed as follows: pyrite oxidation, Fedissolution and migration, and reprecipitation in the form of jarosite, which is coated on pyrite and forms a passivation layer. With jarosite precipitation, the average diameter of pyrite-jarosite grains increased from 0.5 to 1 μm via SEM observation, which agreed with the peak frequency reduction from 3000 to 200 Hz. This study demonstrated the feasibility of SIP technology for contamination source detection, remediation guidance and risk assessment of waste rock sites.
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