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Skeletal editing has emerged as a pivotal complement to retrosynthetic analysis strategies. This approach enables simple bulk chemical feedstocks to achieve precise atomic-level modifications-such as insertion, deletion, or swapping-facilitating the rapid assembly of complex, high value-added functional organic molecules. Currently, single-carbon-atom insertion reactions predominantly emphasize the functionalization of (hetero)aromatic systems, leaving the site-specific editing of unsaturated C─C bond frameworks such as alkenes and alkynes, comparatively underexplored. This review provides detailed analysis and summary of recent progress in the skeletal editing of functional alkenes and alkynes derivatives via single-carbon-atom insertion, and outlining the future potential directions of this technology.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.202501868 | DOI Listing |
J Am Soc Nephrol
September 2025
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
Background: Genetic modifiers are believed to play an important role in the onset and severity of polycystic kidney disease (PKD), but identifying these modifiers has been challenging due to the lack of effective methodologies.
Methods: We generated zebrafish mutants of IFT140, a skeletal ciliopathy gene and newly identified autosomal dominant PKD (ADPKD) gene, to examine skeletal development and kidney cyst formation in larval and juvenile mutants. Additionally, we utilized ift140 crispants, generated through efficient microhomology-mediated end joining (MMEJ)-based genome editing, to compare phenotypes with mutants and conduct a pilot genetic modifier screen.
Recent advances in computer vision have enabled the development of automated animal behavior observation tools. Several software packages currently exist for concurrently tracking pose in multiple animals; however, existing tools still face challenges in maintaining animal identities across frames and can demand extensive human oversight and editing. Here we report on DIPLOMAT, a D eep learning-based, I dentity- P reserving, L abeled- O bject M ulti- A nimal T racker, which implements automated algorithms to improve identity continuity, supplemented by an efficient human interface to help eliminate remaining errors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPharmaceuticals (Basel)
July 2025
Department of Anatomy and Genetics, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia.
Bone metastasis remains a significant cause of morbidity and diminished quality of life in patients with advanced breast, prostate, and lung cancers. Emerging research highlights the pivotal role of reversible epigenetic alterations, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin remodeling complex dysregulation, and non-coding RNA networks, in orchestrating each phase of skeletal colonization. Site-specific promoter hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes such as and , alongside global DNA hypomethylation that activates metastasis-associated genes, contributes to cancer cell plasticity and facilitates epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
September 2025
Gavin Herbert Eye Institute-Robert M. Brunson Center for Translational Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697.
In vivo genome editing has the potential to address many inherited and environmental disorders. However, a major hurdle for the clinical translation of genome editing is safe, efficient delivery to disease-relevant tissues. A modality-agnostic reporter animal model that facilitates rapid, precise, and quantifiable assessment of functional delivery and editing could greatly enhance the evaluation and translation of delivery technologies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Am Chem Soc
August 2025
Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
We report the deletion of nitrogen atoms from multiple template sites in rotaxanes, catenanes, and a molecular knot. Nitrogen extrusion from secondary amines in the backbone of the interlocked structures is achieved using -diphenylphosphinylhydroxylamine (DPPH), forming carbon-carbon bonds while largely maintaining the integrity of the original mechanical bonding. We find that DPPH gives improved yields (up to 51%) for nitrogen atom deletions from template sites in rotaxanes compared to an anomeric amide nitrogen-deletion reagent and overcomes a major substrate limitation in that, using DPPH, only one of the substituents of the secondary amine in the rotaxane axle needs to be radical-stabilizing.
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