Micro-LED-based quantum random number generators.

Quantum random number generators (QRNGs) leverage the inherent unpredictability of quantum mechanical phenomena to produce random numbers. However, the performance of many QRNGs is hindered by limitations such as low generation rates and the bulkiness of systems utilizing single-photon detectors (SPDs). In this study, we present a QRNG that addresses these challenges by using a micro-LED as an entropy source, utilizing the intensity fluctuations of spontaneous emissions. By applying post-processing techniques, our 5 × 5 µm micro-LED-based system achieves a PD bandwidth-limited generation rate of 9.375 Gbit/s while successfully passing the required randomness tests outlined by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Importantly, systematic testing across micro-LEDs of varying sizes demonstrates consistently high performance, highlighting the robustness of this approach. The compact, small footprint, scalable design, and surface emission characteristics of micro-LEDs pave the way for the development of parallel QRNG-integrated chips, which hold the potential to deliver ultra-high random number generation rates in practical, miniaturized platforms.