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Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most prevalent cardiac arrhythmia, and it is associated with substantial morbidity, mortality, and economic burden. Effective management of AF remains a critical focus in contemporary medicine, given its complex and multifaceted nature. In the present paper, we provide the essential updates for everyday clinical practice from the 2024 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines for AF management. We highlight seven key areas encompassing the adoption of the CHA₂DS₂-VA score for thromboembolic risk stratification, changes in bleeding risk assessment, expanded indications for catheter ablation, promotion of the multidisciplinary AF-CARE pathway for patient management, new recommendations for left atrial appendage closure, updates on clinical decision-making for atrial high-rate episodes, and considerations on the future role of artificial intelligence in advancing predictive analytics. We also compare the new recommendations proposed by the ESC 2024 AF guidelines with the ESC 2021 edition and the 2023 guidelines published by the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA), reflecting regional perspectives and advancements in the field. By presenting these practical updates and their implications for routine practice, this paper aims to guide clinicians in adopting the latest evidence-based approaches to optimize AF patients' care.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11739-025-04006-1 | DOI Listing |
Eur Heart J Case Rep
September 2025
Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 1, Rome 00168, Italy.
Background: Chest pain is a common reason for emergency department (ED) visits, yet not all cases are attributable to coronary artery disease (CAD). The 2024 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines emphasize the importance of invasive coronary function testing in patients with angina and non-obstructive coronary arteries. Understanding alternative causes of chest pain is crucial for appropriate diagnosis and management.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPol Arch Intern Med
September 2025
Hypertension is the most common cardiovascular risk factor in older adults, significantly contributing to morbidity and mortality. Its prevalence rises with age and is strongly associated with vascular aging, isolated systolic hypertension, and comorbidities such as cognitive impairment and chronic kidney disease. However, treatment in older adults-especially those with frailty-requires a careful balance between benefit and potential harm.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCureus
August 2025
Department of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, TUR.
Objective The objective of this study is to compare guideline adherence between artificial intelligence (AI) models (Claude-3 (Anthropic, San Francisco, CA), DeepSeek-V2 (DeepSeek, Hangzhou, China), GPT-4 (OpenAI, San Francisco, CA)) and human experts in dyslipidemia management using standardized clinical scenarios based on 2019 European Society of Cardiology (ESC)/European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS) and 2021 ESC prevention guidelines. The study employed a comprehensive evaluation framework to capture the holistic nature of dyslipidemia management across multiple interconnected domains. Methods Thirty fictitious but clinically representative cases were developed by lipid specialists across five domains: cardiovascular risk assessment, lipid management, lifestyle modifications, pharmacotherapy, and special populations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEur J Prev Cardiol
September 2025
Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea.
Background And Aims: The most recent guidelines from the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) categorize blood pressure (BP) into three groups: (1) non-elevated BP, (2) elevated BP and (3) hypertension. This study aimed to determine whether the 2024 guidelines from the ESC for elevated BP and hypertension accurately identify populations at increased risk of future cardiovascular diseases.
Methods: In a population-based cohort derived from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database, we included individuals aged ≥40 years who underwent national health examinations in 2009.
Curr Opin Cardiol
September 2025
Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research, Dedinje Cardiovascular Institute.
Purpose Of Review: To critically appraise the 2024 ESC Guidelines for chronic coronary syndrome (CCS), developed in collaboration with EACTS, emphasizing invasive-treatment recommendations, their underlying rationale and key areas requiring further clarification for clinical implementation.
Recent Findings: The document formally incorporates indications for myocardial revascularization and the criteria for choosing between percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) into the single CCS guideline framework. It calls for Heart-Team decisions whenever CABG and PCI are equally recommended and introduces modality-specific criteria based on anatomical complexity, SYNTAX score, and clinically relevant comorbidities.