Comparison of Artificial Intelligence Models and Human Experts in Managing Dyslipidemia: Assessment of Adherence to Clinical Guidelines.

Objective The objective of this study is to compare guideline adherence between artificial intelligence (AI) models (Claude-3 (Anthropic, San Francisco, CA), DeepSeek-V2 (DeepSeek, Hangzhou, China), GPT-4 (OpenAI, San Francisco, CA)) and human experts in dyslipidemia management using standardized clinical scenarios based on 2019 European Society of Cardiology (ESC)/European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS) and 2021 ESC prevention guidelines. The study employed a comprehensive evaluation framework to capture the holistic nature of dyslipidemia management across multiple interconnected domains. Methods Thirty fictitious but clinically representative cases were developed by lipid specialists across five domains: cardiovascular risk assessment, lipid management, lifestyle modifications, pharmacotherapy, and special populations.