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A palladium-catalyzed carbo-cyanation reaction for synthesizing bulky nitriles with an all-carbon quaternary center via a "cut-and-sew" process of isocyanides is presented. The reaction proceeds through oxidative addition of indole-derived carbonate to Pd(0), followed by decarboxylation, migratory insertion, and the formation of a ketenimine intermediate. A geminate radical pair is formed, leading to radical coupling and the final bulky nitrile product. The method demonstrates high efficiency and a wide substrate tolerance, offering a valuable strategy for constructing bulky nitriles in organic synthesis with potential applications in drug development.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.5c01914 | DOI Listing |
Org Lett
June 2025
Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.
A palladium-catalyzed carbo-cyanation reaction for synthesizing bulky nitriles with an all-carbon quaternary center via a "cut-and-sew" process of isocyanides is presented. The reaction proceeds through oxidative addition of indole-derived carbonate to Pd(0), followed by decarboxylation, migratory insertion, and the formation of a ketenimine intermediate. A geminate radical pair is formed, leading to radical coupling and the final bulky nitrile product.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Adv
June 2025
Center for ViroScience and Cure, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
E166V in the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) nsp5 protease confers strong resistance to the antiviral component of Paxlovid, nirmatrelvir (NIR), in passaging and clinical samples. In SARS-CoV-2 replicons, E166V drastically decreased Washington (WA1) but not Omicron (BA.1) fitness (20- versus 2-fold), suggesting a lower barrier to resistance in the BA.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Appl Mater Interfaces
June 2025
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R. K. Coit College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States.
Rilpivirine (RPV) is a potent antiretroviral drug used for the long-term management of HIV infection. The high crystallinity and very low aqueous solubility of RPV are responsible for the highly variable pharmacokinetics of RPV seen in HIV-infected patients. While fatty meals can increase the absorption of RPV, the low lipid solubility of RPV precludes the development of oral lipid-based formulations such as self-nanoemulsifying systems (SNES).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdv Sci (Weinh)
April 2025
Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology (Ministry of Education), School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
Scaffold proteins play immense roles in bringing enzymes together to enhance their properties. However, the direct fusion of scaffold with bulky guest enzymes may disrupt the assembly process or diminish catalytic efficiency. Most self-assembling protein scaffolds are engineered to form structures beforehand, and then carry guest proteins via different conjugation strategies in vitro.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChem Commun (Camb)
January 2025
Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada.
-alkyl amines can be conveniently prepared in one step from nitriles by a double addition of ethyl or propyl Grignard reagent mediated by a commercially available lanthanum chloride-lithium chloride complex solution. The reaction operates on a variety of benzonitriles, with several heterocyclic nitriles and an alkyl nitrile also being suitable substrates.
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