The Future of Diabetes Care: Exploring the Potential of Bioartificial Pancreas and Do-It-Yourself Artificial Pancreas System Innovations.

Background: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is an autoimmune disease marked by the destruction of pancreatic β cells, necessitating lifelong management. Current therapies, such as insulin injections and pancreas transplants, are effective but impose significant burdens, driving the need for innovative solutions. Among these, the bioartificial pancreas (BAP) stands out as a promising approach. By integrating living insulin-producing cells with synthetic matrices, BAP technology aims to replicate natural pancreatic function, offering the potential for more physiologically relevant and patient-friendly treatment.

Summary: This review highlights recent advancements in BAP technology, emphasizing innovations in design, materials, and encapsulation techniques that enhance cell viability and function. Key developments include the use of biocompatible materials for cell encapsulation, continuous glucose monitoring systems, and closed-loop control algorithms, which collectively enable real-time glucose regulation. These breakthroughs address critical challenges such as immune rejection and suboptimal device performance, paving the way for clinical translation.

Key Messages: BAP technology represents a paradigm shift in T1D treatment, with the potential to alleviate the daily burdens of insulin management. However, challenges remain, including improving device longevity, bolstering immune protection, and reducing production costs to ensure broader accessibility. Future advancements may emerge from integrating BAP systems with cell-protective therapies, further enhancing their efficacy. While hurdles persist, the BAP signifies a transformative step toward simplifying diabetes management and improving the quality of life for millions worldwide.