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We present an open-source code for 3D super-resolution ultrasound imaging. Open-3DULM was applied to transcranial imaging in habituated awake mice. Comparative analysis reveals that isoflurane anesthesia induces significant vasodilation and increased cerebral blood flow (CBF) in veins, while only a subset of arteries exhibits these effects compared to the awake state. This method could serve as a reference for developing new types of 3D vascular quantifications, particularly emphasizing the importance of awake and 3D imaging for accurate cerebral blood flow measurement in neuroscience research.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s44172-025-00415-4 | DOI Listing |
J Neurosci
September 2025
Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Layer 6 corticothalamic (L6CT) neurons project to both cortex and thalamus, inducing multiple effects including the modulation of cortical and thalamic firing, and the emergence of high gamma oscillations in the cortical local field potential (LFP). We hypothesize that the high gamma oscillations driven by L6CT neuron activation reflect the dynamic engagement of intracortical and cortico-thalamo-cortical circuits. To test this, we optogenetically activated L6CT neurons in NTSR1-cre mice (both male and female) expressing channelrhodopsin-2 in L6CT neurons.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImaging Neurosci (Camb)
September 2025
Physics for Medicine Paris, Inserm, ESPCI Paris-PSL, CNRS, Paris, France.
Functional ultrasound (fUS) is a promising imaging method for evaluating brain function in animals and human neonates. fUS images local cerebral blood volume changes to map brain activity. One application of fUS imaging is the quantification of functional connectivity (FC), which characterizes the strength of the connections between functionally connected brain areas.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFunctional neuroimaging with ultrafast ultrasound is an emerging neuroimaging tool for studying neural activities in the rodent brain. Existing methods, however, are challenged by the compromise between functional imaging sensitivity (i.e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Neurodev Disord
August 2025
Department of Psychology, UC Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA.
Estimating time and making predictions is integral to our experience of the world. Given the importance of timing to most behaviors, disruptions in temporal processing and timed performance are reported in a number of neuropsychiatric disorders such as Schizophrenia, Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Fragile X Syndrome (FXS), and Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Symptoms that implicitly include disruption in timing are atypical turn-taking during social interactions, unusual verbal intonations, poor reading, speech and language skills, inattention, delays in learning, and difficulties making predictions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnesthesiology
August 2025
Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 563000, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.
Background: General anesthesia induces both unconsciousness and respiratory depression, but whether these effects share a common neural substrate remains unclear. The parafacial zone (PZ), a GABAergic sleep-promoting region, has been proposed to modulate respiration. This study investigates whether PZ GABAergic neurons function as a common neural node coordinating anesthetic-induced unconsciousness and respiratory suppression.
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