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Understanding how cnidarians pattern their nervous systems can provide insight into the ancestral mechanisms of neurogenesis that are shared with bilaterians, shedding light on the evolution of nervous systems. While previous studies have revealed deeply conserved mechanisms for neural induction and progenitor selection between cnidarians and bilaterians, less is known about how distinct neuronal subtypes are specified over time in cnidarians. We utilized single-cell mRNA sequencing to profile expressing cells across embryonic and planula-larva stages of neurogenesis, and functional experiments identified a dynamic role for over time. Our analysis revealed that unique neuronal subtypes emerge at different developmental stages, providing evidence for temporal patterning in developing cnidarian nerve nets. This can provide a foundation to better our understanding of neurogenic gene regulatory networks, and to compare neurogenesis across cnidarians, and with bilaterians, to improve our knowledge of nervous system evolution.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2025.05.12.653478 | DOI Listing |
Alzheimers Dement
September 2025
Department of Neurology, Beijing TianTan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Cognitive impairment and dementia, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), pose a global health crisis, necessitating non-invasive biomarkers for early detection. This review highlights the retina, an accessible extension of the central nervous system (CNS), as a window to cerebral pathology through structural, functional, and molecular alterations. By synthesizing interdisciplinary evidence, we identify retinal biomarkers as promising tools for early diagnosis and risk stratification.
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September 2025
Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China.
Unlabelled: Leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) is a severe complication of solid malignancies, including lung adenocarcinoma, characterized by poor prognosis and diagnostic challenges. This study assesses whether curvilinear peri-brainstem hyperintense signals on MRI are a characteristic feature of LM in lung adenocarcinoma patients.
Methods: This retrospective study analyzed data from multiple centers, encompassing lung adenocarcinoma patients with peri-brainstem curvilinear hyperintense signals on MRI between January 2016 and March 2022.
Eur J Case Rep Intern Med
August 2025
Department of Internal Medicine, Dubai Hospital, Dubai Health, Dubai, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
Introduction: Primary central nervous system vasculitis (primary CNS vasculitis) is a rare inflammatory disorder that affects small-to-medium-sized cerebral vessels, often leading to recurrent strokes. Diagnosis is vague due to non-specific neurological symptoms. Imaging findings, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis and exclusion of systemic vasculitis are essential for diagnosis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEur J Case Rep Intern Med
August 2025
Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Trinity Health Oakland Hospital, Pontiac, USA.
Background: Invasive central nervous system (CNS) aspergillosis is rare among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients due to preserved neutrophil function, despite significant CD4+ T-cell depletion. Diagnosis typically requires histopathologic confirmation, but polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing has introduced new challenges due to its high sensitivity but limited specificity.
Case Presentation: We describe a newly diagnosed 43-year-old HIV-positive male with concurrent Hodgkin lymphoma who presented with progressive neurological decline and a ring-enhancing brain lesion.
Int J Gen Med
September 2025
Department of Neurology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.
Acute vestibular syndrome (AVS) is characterized by the sudden onset of dizziness or vertigo, accompanied by nausea, vomiting, gait instability, and nystagmus, lasting for more than 24 hours and often persisting for several days to weeks. Central AVS primarily involves central vestibular structures, such as the brainstem and cerebellum, and is most commonly caused by ischemic stroke in the posterior circulation. When acute posterior circulation infarction presents solely with isolated dizziness or vertigo, without other symptoms of central nervous system damage, it is often misdiagnosed as a peripheral vestibular disorder, this can lead to serious consequences.
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