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The sebaceous gland (SG) is essential for skin homeostasis by producing sebum to lubricate and protect the skin. Dysfunctions in SG activity are associated with skin disorders such as acne, seborrheic dermatitis, and alopecia. However, its cellular and molecular mechanisms in humans remain poorly understood because most studies have been conducted in mouse models. This study provides a comprehensive molecular analysis of the human SG, focusing on cellular interactions; sebocyte differentiation; and to our knowledge, previously unreported gene markers. By integrating Stereo-seq spatial transcriptomics, single-cell RNA sequencing, and validation by multiplexed error-robust FISH, we identified 4 distinct stages of sebocyte differentiation, each characterized by unique gene signatures. These results reveal that sebocyte differentiation is a dynamic and complex process. Our findings enhance the understanding of SG biology and provide a valuable reference for future research and the development of therapies for SG-related disorders, including acne.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jid.2025.04.041 | DOI Listing |
J Cutan Pathol
August 2025
Department of Dermato-Oncology, National Hospital Organization Kagoshima Medical Center, Kagoshima, Japan.
Hidradenoma can exhibit several cell types, including clear cells, polyhedral eosinophilic cells, squamoid cells, mucinous cells, oxyphilic (oncocytic) cells, and transitional (intermediate) cells. However, sebocytes have not yet been described in hidradenoma. Here, we present a case of CRTC1::MAML2-positive hidradenoma with sebaceous differentiation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExp Dermatol
August 2025
Department of Biochemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.
Vemurafenib, a low-molecular-weight BRAF inhibitor, effectively treats cutaneous melanoma with the BRAF mutation, but it causes skin disorders such as dry skin with high frequency. As one of the factors causing skin dryness is a decrease in sebum production due to sebaceous gland dysfunction, we examined whether vemurafenib regulated the production and accumulation of sebum in hamster sebocytes. Vemurafenib dose- and time-dependently decreased the production and accumulation of sebum in DHT-differentiated hamster sebocytes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVirchows Arch
July 2025
Department of Pathology, Saint-Louis University Hospital, Paris, France.
In 2019, YAP1::MAML2 and YAP1::NUTM1 rearrangements were demonstrated in the majority of poromas and in porocarcinomas. Recently, our group demonstrated recurrent fusions of PAK (p21 (RAC1) activated kinase) 1/2/3 genes in a subset of poromas and porocarcinomas frequently harboring hair follicle and sebaceous differentiation. To expand the spectrum of YAP1/PAK-fused tumors, we report six adnexal neoplasms with follicular differentiation with in frame YAP1::MAML2, YAP1::NUTM1, or RNF13::PAK2 fusion transcripts.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Dermatopathol
June 2025
Dermatopathology Study Center of Florence, Florence, Italy; and.
Melanocytes with clear vacuolated cytoplasm and scalloped nuclei, resembling mature sebocytes, can occur in congenital, acquired, and blue melanocytic nevi but are rare in malignant melanomas. A case of primary cutaneous melanoma with sebocyte-like cells is reported. The patient was a 75-year-old male patient with a large pigmented lesion located on his right forearm.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Cosmet Sci
June 2025
UNISKIN Research Institute on Skin Aging, Inertia Shanghai Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China.
Objective: The skin, as the largest organ of the body, plays a critical role in homeostasis and protecting against environmental stressors. Sebaceous glands (SGs) produce sebum, which forms a lipid barrier essential for preventing dehydration and defending against oxidative and microbial damage. However, ageing and environmental factors such as UV exposure and pollution impair SG function, leading to skin dryness and loss of radiance.
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