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This study proposes to use the K-medoids clustering method to identify subtypes of Intensive Care Unit (ICU)-acquired acute kidney injury (AKI) patients based on serum electrolyte data. Three distinct AKI subtypes with different serum electrolyte characteristics were identified by clustering analysis. Further, descriptive analysis was employed to characterize in-hospital mortality and renal replacement therapy, diuretic and vasopressor usage in the three subtypes, and Chi-square tests were conducted to check the differences of prognosis and treatments among the identified subtypes. This study enables the subclassification of AKI patients in the ICU, facilitating ICU physicians to make timely clinical decisions about AKI, and ultimately may contribute to patient outcome improvement.
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Endocrinol Diabetes Metab Case Rep
July 2025
Department of Internal Medicine, Medical City Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA.
Summary: Hypercalcemia is a prevalent electrolyte disturbance commonly associated with primary hyperparathyroidism, cancer, or medication adverse effects. Thiazide diuretics reduce urinary calcium excretion, increasing calcium reabsorption and hypercalcemia. Tirzepatide, a dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist, is increasingly used for type 2 diabetes and obesity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Equine Vet Sci
September 2025
Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, 736 Wilson Road. East Lansing, MI 48824-1314, USA.
Background: Small intestinal (SI) distension and gastric reflux (GR) are common in horses with mechanical and functional ileus. Removal of GR results in fluid/ion losses.
Aims/objectives: 1) Determine the capacity of healthy SI; 2) measure ion concentrations in normal SI fluid, GR, or fluid from SI undergoing resection.
Cureus
August 2025
Department of Paediatrics, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, HKG.
Hyponatremia and hyperkalemia, though uncommon in infancy, are potentially life-threatening electrolyte disturbances. We discuss a case of secondary pseudohypoaldosteronism (PHA) in a six-month-old male presenting with recurrent vomiting, severe hyponatremia (119 mmol/L), hyperkalemia (6.6 mmol/L), and metabolic acidosis (bicarbonate: 9 mmol/L).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnn Med Surg (Lond)
September 2025
Department of Neurosurgery, Rutgers, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School & University, Hospital, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
Introduction: There have been growing efforts to identify predictors of Cerebral Vasospasm to facilitate earlier diagnosis and establish patient predictive models. This review discusses the implications of serum electrolytes, glycemic indices, and inflammatory markers in predicting the occurrence of aSAH-induced CV.
Methods: The literature was reviewed across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google scholars, the National Center for Biotechnology Information, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the World Health Organization, and the National Institutes of Health.
Clin Kidney J
September 2025
Instituto de Investigación 12 de Octubre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Madrid, Spain.
Background: Patients with primary membranous nephropathy may progress to advanced chronic kidney disease despite immunosuppressive therapy (IST). Prediction of treatment response based on early and combined assessment of several standard clinical markers could improve risk stratification for progression, allowing timely individualization of treatment, which can optimize clinical outcomes and safety.
Methods: In this exploratory analysis of the STARMEN trial, we evaluated if combined baseline data, and IST-induced early changes in standard clinical markers predicted clinical remission at 2 years.