Biomarkers of Immune Dysregulation and What They Tell Us: Gene Sequencing Is Not the Answer to Every Question.

Immunol Allergy Clin North Am

Immune Dysregulation and Immunohematology Program, Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorder Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, 1760 Haygood Drive NE, W-368, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. Electronic address:

Published: May 2025


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Article Abstract

Primary immune regulatory disorders (PIRDs) are inborn errors of immunity, with autoimmune, hyperinflammatory, and lymphoproliferative manifestations as presenting features rather than recurrent infections. Genetic testing remains the primary tool for diagnosing patients with immune defects. Not all suspected PIRDs have a known genetic cause. Many hyperinflammatory disorders require urgent intervention, limiting the usefulness of gene sequencing in some cases. Current clinically approved immunology tests can detect immune dysregulation even without apparent immune deficiency. This review presents commonly known patterns of immune dysregulation that can be detected with currently available immune testing and additional testing in the clinical immunology laboratories' pipeline.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.iac.2025.01.003DOI Listing

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