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Primary immune regulatory disorders (PIRDs) are inborn errors of immunity, with autoimmune, hyperinflammatory, and lymphoproliferative manifestations as presenting features rather than recurrent infections. Genetic testing remains the primary tool for diagnosing patients with immune defects. Not all suspected PIRDs have a known genetic cause. Many hyperinflammatory disorders require urgent intervention, limiting the usefulness of gene sequencing in some cases. Current clinically approved immunology tests can detect immune dysregulation even without apparent immune deficiency. This review presents commonly known patterns of immune dysregulation that can be detected with currently available immune testing and additional testing in the clinical immunology laboratories' pipeline.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.iac.2025.01.003 | DOI Listing |
Trends Biotechnol
September 2025
Department of Oral and Cranio-maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laborator
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by persistent and unresolved tissue inflammation caused by the infiltration and dysregulation of immune cells. Current therapeutics targeting inflammatory immune cells for T2D remain limited. In this study, we analyzed single cell RNA from metabolic organs in T2D, revealing increased macrophage accumulation and a pathogenic macrophage subpopulation defined as NOD-like receptor (NLR) family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammatory and metabolically activated macrophages.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFZhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi
September 2025
Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China.
Severe pneumonia remains a major threat to human health, particularly in patients who progress to sepsis, with immune dysregulation playing a central role in its pathophysiological mechanism. Although immunomodulatory therapies have evolved alongside our improved understanding of immune imbalance, conflicting clinical evidence persists. For example, agents targeting similar pathways may produce divergent outcomes, while those with opposing mechanisms of action may yield comparable results.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCancer Lett
September 2025
State Key Laboratory of Metabolic Dysregulation & Prevention and Treatment of Esophageal Cancer, Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Department of Radiology, Department of Clinical Research and Translational Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou,
The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a pivotal role in cancer progression, though the molecular regulators governing its immunosuppressive properties remain incompletely characterized. In this study, we identify Makorin-2 (MKRN2) as a novel modulator of TME remodeling through integrated analyses of genetically engineered mouse models and human clinical data. Utilizing MKRN2 knockout mice, we observed significantly accelerated tumor growth compared to wild-type control, which was associated with profound alterations in immune cell composition, especially M2 macrophages.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids
September 2025
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain; Research Institute "Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12)", Madrid, Spain. Electronic
Pulmonary surfactant protein C (SP-C) may play a key role in alveolar homeostasis by modulating vesicle uptake in alveolar cells. This study explores how SP-C regulates internalization of model unilamellar lipid vesicles by type II alveolar epithelial cells (AECII) and alveolar macrophages (AMϕ), focusing on the effect of lipid composition, palmitoylation state, and interactions with external stimuli like lipopolysaccharides (LPS) or the other hydrophobic surfactant protein SP-B. Using fluorescence-based techniques, we demonstrated that SP-C enhances vesicle uptake in a lipid-dependent manner.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids
September 2025
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 2Y2, Canada; University of Victoria Genome BC Proteomics Centre, Vi
The class I phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway (PI3K) is a master regulator of cellular growth, and plays essential roles in controlling immune cell function, metabolism, chemotaxis and proliferation. Activation of class I PI3Ks generates the signalling lipid PIP that activates multiple pro-growth signalling pathways. Class I PI3Ks can be activated by multiple plasma membrane stimuli, including G-protein coupled receptors, Ras superfamily GTPases, and receptor tyrosine kinases.
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