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Introduction: Evidence is scarce regarding the role of menopause in age-related cognitive function trajectories associated with increased depressive symptoms. We examined the longitudinal association among sex and age at menopause, depressive symptoms, and 2-year follow-up cognitive function.
Methods: We used data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, classifying age at menopause into three categories: < 40, 40 to 49, and ≥ 50 years. The study included 4726 women and 4286 men, using multilevel panel data regression to depict age trajectories.
Results: Later menopause (≥ 50 years) was significantly associated with fewer depressive symptoms and better cognition than earlier menopause (< 40 years). Men showed significantly fewer depressive symptoms and worse cognition than women with later menopause.
Discussion: Earlier menopause was significantly associated with worse 2-year follow-up cognition after adjusting for baseline depressive symptoms, cognition, and lifestyle factors. Dementia risk-reduction strategies should consider women who undergo early menopause as a sex-specific high-risk group.
Highlights: Early menopause is associated with worse depressive symptoms and cognitive function. Early menopause is a high-risk factor for cognitive decline and depressive symptoms. Menopause at < 40 years is linked to worse orientation and immediate and delayed recall. Men exhibit worse cognitive function than women experiencing late menopause.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/alz.70063 | DOI Listing |
Prev Med
September 2025
Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. Electronic address:
Objective: To evaluate sex-specific trends in diabetes management in Switzerland over a 25-year period using nationally representative data, and to determine whether menopausal status modifies these differences.
Methods: We analyzed six Swiss Health Surveys (1997-2022) to assess sex differences in diabetes screening, diagnosis, treatment, and control. Multivariable logistic regressions were adjusted for demographic, socioeconomic, and lifestyle covariates.
Clin Breast Cancer
August 2025
Division of Gynecology and Human Reproduction Physiopatology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Objective: Breast cancer (BC) survivors often experience vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA) due to endocrine therapies, affecting quality of life (QoL) and well-being. We aimed to evaluate impact of ospemifene treatment in postmenopausal women with history of BC and moderate to severe VVA.
Methods: PEONY is a real-world, prospective, multicenter study.
Fertil Steril
September 2025
Dept of OBGYN, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA. Electronic address:
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine condition often recognized for its association with reproductive complications. However, the impact of PCOS extends well beyond such that it is considered a multisystemic disorder, with effects on mental health, metabolic conditions, and pregnancy. While there is ample evidence for increased prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in PCOS including hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes and obesity in reproductive age and menopausal women, robust data on atherosclerotic CVD events (ASCVD), defined as coronary artery disease (CAD), myocardial infarction (MI), angina, carotid artery disease, ischemic stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA) and peripheral artery disease (PAD), in PCOS is emerging.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArch Gynecol Obstet
September 2025
Faculty of Population Health Sciences, EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, WC1E 6AU, UK.
Objective: The primary objective was to explore the relationship between endometrial thickness and transdermal 17β-estradiol/micronised progesterone dose in postmenopausal women with unscheduled bleeding on menopausal hormone therapy (MHT). The prevalence of endometrial pathology was also assessed.
Methods: Retrospective analysis of a consecutive case series.
Int J Womens Health
August 2025
Department of Neurology, Shangyu People's Hospital of Shaoxing, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
Objective: To investigate whether menopausal status modifies the association between magnesium intake and migraine in women, hypothesizing that hormonal differences between pre-menopausal and post-menopausal women would result in differential responses to magnesium intake.
Background: While magnesium's role in migraine management has gained attention, the relationship between magnesium intake and migraine across menopausal status remains poorly studied. This is the first study to compare this association between pre-menopausal and post-menopausal women specifically.