Article Synopsis
- The Leuven Consensus offers a classification system for diagnosing motor disorders of the pharynx and upper esophageal sphincter (UES) using advanced measurement techniques (P-HRM-I).
- A group of 26 experts utilized a Delphi process to create guidelines for assessing swallowing and diagnosing UES and pharyngeal dysfunctions.
- The recommendations detail standardized methods for evaluating UES metrics and pharyngeal contractility to aid in diagnosing oropharyngeal dysphagia.
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Article Abstract
Introduction: The Leuven Consensus provides a classification scheme for the diagnosis of pharyngeal and upper esophageal sphincter (UES) motor disorders using metrics derived from pharyngeal high-resolution manometry-impedance (P-HRM-I).
Methods: Twenty-six experts with broad multidisciplinary backgrounds contributed their knowledge and experience to this initiative via a formal deliberative Delphi process. Guidance on a swallow assessment protocol as well as diagnostic criteria for UES dysfunction and pharyngeal contractile dysfunction is provided.
Results: For UES dysfunction, the stepwise evaluation of UES and intrabolus pressure metrics under increasing bolus volume and/or viscosity conditions is used to confirm failure of manometric relaxation and opening of the UES region. For pharyngeal contractile dysfunction, the evaluation of contractile metrics is used to define pharyngeal hypocontractility or hypercontractility.
Conclusion: These recommendations complement routine instrumental investigations and provide a standardized process, criteria, and nomenclature for P-HRM-I assessment of patients reporting symptoms of oropharyngeal dysphagia.
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