The differential impact of processing speed and cognitive flexibility on cognitive emotion regulation strategies and depression.

Introduction: Existing cognitive models for depression propose interactions between cognitive emotion regulation strategies (CERS) and cognitive processes. However, often oversimplify these interactions and do not accommodate the complexity of interactions. We aimed to construct and explore the micro-level properties of a network model that can integrate this complexity of the interactions and explore through computational simulations the differential impact of improvements/deterioration in cognitive flexibility and processing speed in the network.

Methods: We used the Leipzig Study for Mind-Body-Emotion Interactions dataset (N = 227). The Trail Making Test assessed processing speed and cognitive flexibility, while depression and CERS were measured using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and the Cognitive Emotional Regulation Questionnaire. The network was estimated using the Mixed Graphical Model. Expected influence, bridge expected influence and predictability were explored as micro-level properties. Simulation procedures were done by estimating the expected network activity and comparing it with the baseline network activity.

Results: CERS mediated impact of cognitive processes on depression. Processing speed emerges as a mediator with a bridging role, while cognitive flexibility seems to have a more substantial impact in overall connectivity. Rumination, exhibit high centrality, suggesting a pivotal role in the network.

Limitations: Use of cross-sectional data, the assessment of depression with HDRS sum-score, as well as the low number of depressed individuals in the sample.

Conclusions: The different constituents of the network seem to have different roles in the network. This might have important implications in the future for personalized and preventive interventions.