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Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) remains a major public health challenge globally. Recent innovations in diagnostic technology have opened new pathways for early detection, ongoing monitoring, and more individualized patient care, yet significant barriers persist in translating these advancements into clinical settings. This review highlights the cutting-edge diagnostic methods emerging from basic science research, including molecular assays, biosensors, and next-generation sequencing, and discusses the practical and logistical challenges involved in their implementation. By analyzing current trends in diagnostic techniques and management strategies, we identify critical gaps and propose integrative approaches to bridge the divide between laboratory innovation and effective clinical application. This work emphasizes the need for comprehensive education, supportive infrastructure, and multi-disciplinary collaborations to enhance the utility of these diagnostic innovations in improving outcomes in patients with HIV.
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11856619 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life15020209 | DOI Listing |
Autophagy
September 2025
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Macroautophagy/autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved process through which cells degrade cytoplasmic substances via autophagosomes. During the initiation of autophagosome formation, the ULK/Atg1 complex serves as a scaffold that recruits and regulates downstream ATG/Atg proteins and ATG9/Atg9-containing vesicles. Despite the essential role of the ULK/Atg1 complex, its components have changed during evolution; the ULK complex in mammals consists of ULK1 (or ULK2), RB1CC1, ATG13, and ATG101, whereas the Atg1 complex in the yeast lacks Atg101 but instead has Atg29 and Atg31 along with Atg17.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLab Chip
September 2025
Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), and share several important pathological features including the development of neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) of tau protein. While this association is well established, the underlying pathogenesis is poorly defined and current treatment options remain limited, necessitating novel methods and approaches. In response we developed "TBI-on-a-chip", an trauma model utilizing murine cortical networks on microelectrode arrays (MEAs), capable of reproducing clinically relevant impact injuries while providing simultaneous morphological and electrophysiological readout.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlant Cell Environ
September 2025
National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.
Drought stress dynamically reprograms specialised metabolism in medicinal plants. However, the transcriptional regulatory modules governing stress-adaptive metabolite synthesis remain poorly characterised. Here, we identified SbMYB8 as a drought-responsive transcription factor showing nuclear localisation and dose-dependent induction under drought in Scutellaria baicalensis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChembiochem
September 2025
Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.
Natural products exhibit a wide range of biological activities and are the crucial resources for drug development and compound modification. Cytochrome P450 enzymes (P450s, CYP) are a class of multifunctional and stereoselective biocatalysts that utilize heme as a cofactor and can be employed in the biosynthesis of natural products. With the development of biotechnology, P450s have been widely applied in the synthesis of natural products.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDalton Trans
September 2025
Department of Chemistry, IIT Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
The solid-solution alloys of Mn-Zn-Ga and Mn-Zn-Sn have been synthesized by a high-temperature method and structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction studies. The substitutional solid-solution alloys that crystallize in the chiral space group 432 or 432 adopt the A13-type structure (β-Mn). Similar to β-Mn, the 20 atoms in the cubic unit cell are distributed over 8 and 12 Wyckoff positions.
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