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This review explores the critical role of exosomes in promoting angiogenesis, a key factor in skin flap survival. Skin flaps are widely used in reconstructive surgery, and their survival depends heavily on the formation of new blood vessels. Exosomes, small extracellular vesicles secreted by various cells, have emerged as important mediators of intercellular communication and play a crucial role in biological processes such as angiogenesis. Compared to traditional methods of promoting angiogenesis, exosomes show more selective and targeted therapeutic potential as they naturally carry angiogenic factors and can precisely regulate the angiogenesis process. The review will delve into the molecular mechanisms by which exosomes facilitate angiogenesis, discuss their potential therapeutic applications in enhancing skin flap survival, and explore future research directions, particularly the challenges and prospects of exosomes in clinical translation. By highlighting the unique advantages of exosomes in skin flap survival, this review provides a new perspective in this field and opens up new research directions for future therapeutic strategies.
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11853446 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13020353 | DOI Listing |
Aesthetic Plast Surg
September 2025
Department of Otolaryngology, Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Neyavran, Darabad, Tehran, Iran.
Nasal alar reconstruction is complex due to the region's anatomy and aesthetic importance. This report describes repairing a small, full-thickness alar rim defect in a 36-year-old man using a rotational columellar skin flap with septal cartilage grafting. This single-stage technique achieved good color match, symmetry, and minimal donor-site morbidity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFKhirurgiia (Mosk)
September 2025
Amur Regional Clinical Hospital, Blagoveshchensk, Russia.
The authors present treatment of patients with spinal injury complicated by extensive multiple pressure sores. A comprehensive preoperative management was followed by staged surgical treatment. Advisability of deep bedsore closure with full-layer flaps and staged interventions was justified.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Craniofac Surg
September 2025
Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hanoi Medical University.
Introduction: Complex soft tissue injuries in the facial area can arise from various causes. Surgeons face significant challenges when reconstructing these injuries, as they must select appropriate materials based on texture and color, while also considering their composition and properties. The anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap has emerged as a versatile option in clinical reconstructive surgery, offering many advantages over other free flaps.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJPRAS Open
June 2025
Department of Hand Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Avenue Pierre-Decker 5, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
Reconstructing multi-tissue defects in the finger remains a significant challenge in hand surgery. We present the case of a 37-year-old man with segmental loss of bone, skin and extensor apparatus on the dorsal aspect of the index finger. A single stage reconstruction was successfully performed using a pedicled chimeric flap based on the second dorsal metacarpal artery combining skin paddle, second metacarpal base bone and the extensor indicis proprius.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Surg Case Rep
September 2025
Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, HOCH, Kantonsspital St Gallen, Rorschacherstrasse 95, 9007 St Gallen, Switzerland.
Vascularized reconstruction of bone defects in the foot after osteomyelitis is a complex procedure that requires an orthoplastic collaboration. This case demonstrates the successful use of a free osteocutaneous fibula flap with a perforator-based skin island to reconstruct the medial midfoot following a late-onset infection after fusion for osteonecrosis. A 63-year-old woman presented after osteonecrosis and failed surgeries, including talonavicular and naviculocuneiform arthrodesis complicated by infection.
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