Short-term effects of ambient air pollution on influenza incidence in Chongqing, China: a time-series analysis.

Int J Environ Health Res

School of Public Health, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Research Center for Public Health Security, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.

Published: February 2025


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Article Abstract

This study investigated the relationship between air pollution and influenza incidence in Chongqing from 2013 to 2022 using a generalized additive model (GAM), analyzing 199,712 cases. Subgroup analyses were conducted to investigate the impact of age, gender, season, and the COVID-19. Influenza incidence was positively associated with PM, PM, SO, NO and CO, but negatively with O. SO had the most effect. In single-day lag models, the largest percentage changes in influenza incidence at lag0 for each pollutant were: 2.930% for SO, 1.552% for CO, -0.637% for O, 0.516% for PM, and 0.405% for PM. NO showed the largest change at lag11 (1.376%). In multi-day lag models, changes peaked at lag011-014. Stratified analyses revealed children aged 0-14 years as particularly vulnerable during the cold season and COVID-19 period. The study demonstrates that short-term lags and cumulative effects of air pollution exposure increase influenza incidence, significant for establishing influenza response strategies.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09603123.2025.2453623DOI Listing

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