Role of F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT-derived quantitative volumetric tumor parameters in cytoreductive radical prostatectomy selection for patients with low-volume metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer: a retrospective study.

Background: Cytoreductive radical prostatectomy (cRP) has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach for low-volume metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC), but the best candidates for cRP are still unknown. This study aims to explore the potential value of F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT-derived quantitative volumetric tumor parameters in cRP treatment selection among patients with low-volume mHSPC.

Methods: A total of 122 patients with primary low-volume mHSPC who underwent F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT followed by systemic therapy alone or plus cRP were included. The whole-body PSMA-derived tumor volume (PSMA-TV) was defined as the total volume of whole-body PSMA-avid tumor lesions, and prostate PSMA-TV was defined as the volume of prostate PSMA-avid tumor lesions. Spearman's correlation was used to analyze the relationships between whole-body PSMA-TV and clinicopathological characteristics. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS), and Cox regression analyses were performed to explore the independent predictors for PFS.

Results: Among 122 patients, 37 (30.32%) underwent systemic therapy plus cRP. The median and optimal cutoff values of the whole-body PSMA-TV were 71.68 cm (41.28-157.41 cm) and 78.57 cm, respectively. Whole-body PSMA-TV was positively correlated with prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and patients with nonregional lymph node (NRLN) metastases had a greater whole-body PSMA-TV (P = 0.001). Cox regression analyses revealed that cRP, lower whole-body PSMA-TV and the absence of NRLN metastases were associated with better PFS (all P < 0.05). Subgroup analyses revealed that patients with a low whole-body PSMA or no NRLN metastases had a significant improvement in PFS for cRP versus no cRP (HR: 8.26; 95% CI: 2.72-25.06, P = 0.001; HR: 2.71; 95% CI: 1.25-5.93, P = 0.018). Moreover, among patients with higher prostate PSMA-TV and prostate PSMA-TV/whole-body PSMA-TV, cRP also significantly prolonged PFS compared with those without cRP (HR: 3.49; 95% CI: 1.49-8.18, P = 0.004; HR: 8.54; 95% CI: 2.47-29.50, P = 0.013).

Conclusion: In management of primary low-volume mHSPC, whole-body and prostate PSMA-TV evaluations based on F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT could be helpful to identify the most suitable candidates for cRP.

Trial Registration: Retrospectively registered.