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Background: A significant number of primiparous women lack awareness of labor epidural analgesia, resulting in lower acceptance of labor epidural analgesia. Additional prenatal education may help primiparas understand labor epidural analgesia and increase labor epidural analgesia rates. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) will evaluate the effects of an online and offline prenatal labor epidural analgesia education program for primiparas to improve their labor epidural analgesia rate and to reduce their misunderstanding of labor epidural analgesia and fear of birth.
Methods: A single-blinded, randomized, controlled, parallel-design trial will be conducted. Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior, online and offline prenatal labor epidural analgesia education program has five modules: (a)elementary knowledge, (b)attitude, (c)subjective norm, (d) perceived behavioral control and (e)behavioral intention. Primiparous women will be recruited in the obstetrics department or midwife clinic of a tertiary hospital in Shenzhen, China. The participants (N = 196) will be randomly allocated to the intervention group (N = 98) that receives routine prenatal education and access to the online and offline prenatal labor epidural analgesia education program and the control group (N = 98) that receives routine prenatal education. Labor epidural analgesia rate will be extracted from the electronic medical record; misunderstanding and intention of labor epidural analgesia and fear of birth will be measured at baseline and immediately after the intervention. The study was ethically approved in November 2023.
Discussion: If the online and offline prenatal labor epidural analgesia education program has positive outcomes, it may offer an effective intervention program to decrease misperceptions of labor epidural analgesia and fear of birth and to improve the labor epidural analgesia rate for Chinese primiparas. As the first RCT study to evaluate the effect of the online and offline prenatal labor epidural analgesia education program with a strict research design and a theoretical framework, this research will provide evidence on prenatal labor analgesia health education for clinical practice in China.
Trial Registration: Registered at the Chinese Clinical Trials.gov on January 11th, 2024.
Trial Registration Number: ChiCTR2400079767.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-21562-5 | DOI Listing |
Int J Surg
September 2025
Department of Anesthesiology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China.
Background: As a common postoperative neurological complication, postoperative delirium (POD) can lead to poor postoperative recovery in patients, prolonged hospitalization, and even increased mortality. However, POD's mechanism remains undefined and there are no reliable molecular markers of POD to date. The present work examined the associations of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sTREM2 with CSF POD biomarkers, and investigated whether the effects of CSF sTREM2 on POD were modulated by the core pathological indexes of POD (Aβ42, tau, and ptau).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA A Pract
September 2025
Department of Anesthesiology, Ospedale San Giovanni, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
Childbirth-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (CB-PTSD) can arise even after low-risk deliveries. This case report describes a 35-year-old woman who, despite a medically uncomplicated vaginal birth, developed severe CB-PTSD after being denied neuraxial analgesia and receiving remifentanil-PCA (remi-PCA) to manage pain. Her distress stemmed from inadequate pain relief, dissociation, and loss of control, exacerbated by unmet expectations for epidural analgesia.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDrug Des Devel Ther
September 2025
Department of anesthesiology, Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Key Lab of Reproduction and Development, Shanghai Key Lab of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, 200433 People's Republic of China.
Purpose: To compare analgesic outcomes between single- and multi-orifice epidural catheters at a 360-mL/h delivery rate during programmed intermittent epidural bolus.
Patients And Methods: In this prospective randomized double-blinded controlled trial, 102 healthy nulliparous parturients requesting labor analgesia at the Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital were enrolled from July to September 2023. Participants were given either single- or multi-orifice catheters for epidural analgesia (0.
Interv Pain Med
September 2025
Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
Interv Pain Med
September 2025
Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA.