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Ferrites are an essential material in modern industry due to their exceptional magnetic properties and high resistivity. Many applications of ferrites necessitate exposure to high energy electrons, particularly space science and particle accelerators, where charging, multipacting, and electron clouds (ECs) are major issues. ECs are of particular concern around the Ni/Zn soft ferrite kicker magnets as the large hadron collider (LHC) undergoes its high luminosity upgrade. Here, laser engineered surface structures (LESS) are used to reduce the secondary electron yield (SEY) of Ni/Zn ferrites from 2.1 to its experimentally determined minimum of 0.81, eliminating the ferrites ability to contribute to the formation of ECs. This demonstrates the applicability of LESS outside of metals and its broader applicability to reducing the SEY of technical materials.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/advs.202410083 | DOI Listing |
Pharmacol Res
September 2025
University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vienna, Austria. Electronic address:
Hemorrhagic stroke occurs due to a rupture of a blood vessel in the brain. This leads to initial mechanical damage at the site of injury and secondary injuries including axonal degeneration (AxD). Since axons are critical for all brain functions, we systematically reviewed studies that focused on axonal degeneration in two major types of hemorrhagic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage, to understand how and to what extent AxD develops and to interrogate underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHealth Phys
September 2025
Nuclear and Radiological Engineering and Medical Physics Programs, George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA.
External exposure due to secondary photons (predominantly bremsstrahlung) generated from electron source emissions in environmental soil are of concern due to their ability to deposit significant amounts of ionizing energy to organs and tissues within the body. The "condensed history method" employed in many modern Monte Carlo (MC) codes may be used to simulate secondary photon yields (given as photons per beta decay) arising from electron source emissions with relatively few assumptions regarding the secondary photon spatial, energy, and angular dependencies. These yields may in turn be used to derive protection quantities such as secondary photon effective dose rate (DR) and risk coefficients for a variety of idealized external exposure scenarios.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChemistry
September 2025
Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2610, Australia.
Multi-layered and orthogonal recognition is an excellent route to controlled molecular complexity. Here we report a series of heteroleptic complexes where two ligands pair together at a palladium(II) metal centre in complementary fashion and with orthogonality to others pairs. This complementarity is driven in part through hydrogen-bonding acceptor or donor sites proximal to the coordination domain (either DD:AA or AD:DA).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBeilstein J Org Chem
August 2025
A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, INEOS, Vavilova St. 28, Moscow, 119334, Russia.
Reducing agents with phosphorus-hydrogen bond, such as sodium hypophosphite, phosphite, and hypophosphorous acid are commercially available in bulk amounts, however, their usage is understudied in organic processes. While NaHPO has proved to be an efficient four-electron reductant in the catalyst-free reductive amination, the influence of cation in hypophosphite salt has not been studied yet. This issue is a fundamentally important factor.
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